ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Oral alcohol administration (5.8 g/kg) on gestation day 10 resulted in an increase in both prenatal mortality and birth defects as well as decreased fetal weight in C57BL/BJ mice. Aspirin pretreatment (150 mg/kg subcutaneously) significantly reduced the number of malformed pups and prevented the increase in prenatal mortality produced by alcohol. The mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acetaldehyde forms stable adducts with proteins, and rapidly eluting hemoglobins on cation exchange chromatography have been found to be elevated in persons consuming excess alcohol. Incubation of hemoglobin hemolysate with 5 mM acetaldehyde at 37°C for various time intervals resulted in linear increases in the amounts of hemoglobin (Hb)A1a+b and HbA1c fractions determined by cation exchange high pressure liquid chromatography. The rate of formation of the HbA1c fraction was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of the HbA1a+b fraction. No increases in the amounts of minor hemoglobins were observed when hemoglobin was incubated with 0.05 mM acetaldehyde. Incubation of hemoglobin with 5 m acetaldehyde followed by reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4.) resulted in a significant increase in both HbA1a+b and HbA1c fractions. The rate of formation of the HbA1c fraction was again significantly faster than that of HbA1a+b. Dialysis of nonreduced acetaldehyde‐ modified hemoglobin had no effect on the amounts of the two minor hemoglobin fractions. Dialysis of NaBH4‐reduced acetaldehyde‐modified hemoglobin resulted in decreased amounts of the HbA1a+b fractions but no changes in the HbAlc fractions. Incubation with sodium cyanoborohydride led to minimal changes in chromatographic properties of hemoglobin. The clinical utility of acetaldehyde‐modified hemoglobin eluting in the HbA1c fraction in the detection of excess alcohol consumption appears to be limited by the high concentration of acetaldehyde required. Furthermore, attempts to stabilize acetaldehyde‐Schiff base adducts of hemoglobin with reducing agents must include appropriate controls, since the reductive step alone may lead to changes in the chromatographic properties of

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

(Na++K+)ATPase activity and sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of ethanol and noradrenaline in vitro as well as the concentrations of sialic acid, galactose, and hexosamine were determined in erythrocyte membranes in 20 healthy controls and in 20 alcoholic patients within 24 hr of withdrawal. Basal (Na++K+)ATPase activity, the sensitivity of the enzyme to inhibition by ethanol and noradrenaline added in vitro, and the concentrations of sialic acid and galactose were significantly reduced in the patients (p<0.0005). All of these abnormalities were significantly correlated to each other as well as to the estimated dairy quantity of ethanol consumed. After enzymatic removal of terminal sialic acid and terminal and sialic acid‐bound β‐galactose, the (Na++K+)ATPase differences between the patients and the controls were eliminated. The results showed that the previously reported reduced inhibition of (Na++K+)ATPase by ethanol in the presence of noradrenaline in brain membranes in chronically ethanol‐fed animals is also found in erythrocyte membranes in alcoholic humans. Abnormal carbohydrate composition of glycoiipids and/or glycoproteins of the membrane surface appeared to be related to the (Na++K+)ATPase changes, possibly due to interference either with K+transport or surface electrostatics or, directly or indirectly, with the conformation of (Na++K+)

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chronic consumption of ethanol often results in an increased rate of ethanol metabolism (metabolic tolerance) and in hepatomegaly. However, the extent of these changes is highly variable. We have found that these two phenomena are greatly influenced by age. We studied the effect of age on the development of metabolic tolerance and hepatomegaly and on the increase in hepatic oxygen consumption produced by chronic ethanol administration. The latter has been proposed to contribute to metabolic tolerance to ethanol. Ethanol was administered to female Sprague‐Dawley rats with different initial ages (4, 6, 8, 11, and 17 weeks) for a 4‐week period in a high‐fat liquid diet Control animals were pair‐fed an isocaloric liquid diet in which ethanol was replaced with carbohydrate. Metabolic tolerance and hepatomegaly following chronic ethanol consumption were markedly dependent on the initial age of the animal, with young animals showing the largest increases. Although showing a similar general trend with age, the degree of metabolic tolerance was not linked proportionally with the degree of hepatomegaly. Perfused livers from young rats fed chronically with ethanol showed increases in ethanol metabolism and oxygen consumption, whereas no increases were observed in those from older animals. These findings support the hypothesis that an elevated rate of hepatic oxygen consumption contributes to metabolic tolerance. Total hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity was not increased by chronic ethanol consumption in any age group, demonstrating that an increase in the levels of this enzyme is not obligatory for metabolic tolerance. The influence of the initial age of the animal on metabolic tolerance, hepatic oxygen consumption, and hepatomegaly foflowing chronic ethanol administration may explain some of the conflicting reports in the literature regarding these par

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma, whole blood, and red blood cell selenium levels were determined by spectrofluorometry in 30 patients with chronic heavy ethanol ingestion (group I) and 20 normal controls (group II). Nutritional and general medical evaluations were also performed. The mean plasma selenium level was 0.065 μg/ml ± 0.012 (so) for group I versus 0.100 ± 0.016 for group II (p<0.0001). Whole blood levels were 0.076 μg/ml ± 0.011 versus 0.114 ± 0.015 (p<0.0001), and red blood cell levels were 0.092 μg/ml ± 0.016 compared with 0.130 ± 0.025 (p<0.0001), respectively. Mean triceps skin fold was 8.2 mm ± 3.5 for group I males versus 12.3 mm ± 5.0 (p<0.005) for group II males but was not well correlated with whole blood selenium status (r = 0.33). Nutritional parameters of percentage of ideal body weight, midarm muscle circumference, serum albumin, and total lymphocyte count revealed no differences. Mildly elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and/or alkaline phosphatase values occurred in 53% of alcoholics, but selenium levels in these patients were no different from those with normal liver tests. We conclude that depressed blood selenium levels occur frequently in patients with chronic heavy ethanol ingestion even in the absence of overt malnutrition. Since selenium deficiency can produce a spectrum of organ injury which resembles that associated with chronic alcoholism, the relationship of selenium deficiency to alcohol‐induced organ injury deserves f

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was determined in 44 chronic alcoholic patients within 18–36 hr after discontinuation of chronic alcohol intake and in 20 nonalcoholic controls. The enzyme activity was decreased to 4.98 ± 0.52 mlU/mg of protein in the alcoholics as compared with a value of 8.25 ± 1.29 mlU/mg of protein in the controls (p<0.05). The level of the enzyme activity did not correlate significantly with the daily quantity of alcohol consumption or the degree of liver injury reflected in elevations of serum aspartate aminotransferase. Repeat determination in 23 of the alcoholics after 2 weeks of supervised abstinence in an inpatient unit resulted in an increase in the enzyme activity to control levels. These findings show that the decreased activity of erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase which occurs in association with alcohol ingestion is not an inherent characteristic of alcohol

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred alcoholics treated for ethanol withdrawal were assigned randomly according to a double‐blind protocol to receive four intramuscular injections of 2 g of magnesium sulfate at 6‐hr intervals or an equivalent amount of normal saline. All patients were treated for signs of withdrawal according to a standardized protocol using orally‐administered chlordiazepoxide for sedation. Three observers rated each patient for signs of withdrawal. There was no statistically significant difference between magnesium sulfate and placebo groups on any of the variables measured. The groups required equivalent amounts of chlordiazepoxide for control of withdrawal. The authors concluded that the routine administration of magnesium sulfate is not indicated for the management of alcohol withdrawal unless accompanied by cardiac arrhyt

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY