摘要:

This report describes a radioenzymatic assay for the measurement of salsolinol and dopamine sulfate levels in plasma. It is based on a sulfatase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the sulfoconjugates followed by catechol‐O‐methyltransferase and [methyl‐3H]‐S‐adenosylmethion‐ine‐catalyzed O‐methylation of the resulting free salsolinol and dopamine. Rapid thin‐layer chromatographic separation of the formed labeled metabolites attributed to the specificity of the differential enzymatic assay of salsolinol and dopamine. This assay was used to study plasma salsolinol and dopamine levels in a group of adult males (n= 36) serving as controls and a group of hospitalized chronic alcoholics (n= 18). The results (mean and range) of this preliminary study show that alcoholics had significantly (p<0.0001) elevated plasma concentration of salsolinol sulfate (497; 50–1331 pg/ml) as compared to controls (93; 0–232 pg/ml). This was accompanied by significant (p<0.0003) elevation in plasma levels of dopamine sulfate. Elevation of plasma salsolinol sulfate reported here may be interpreted as a reflection of abnormalities in oxidative metabolism of dopamine, metabolically derived acetaldehyde, and/or biological carbonyl

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Methionine, administered to ethanol treated mice and rats, significantly reduced circulating acetaldehyde levels without altering circulating levels of ethanol. Hepatic levels of acetaldehyde were also lowered by methionine. Methionine was effective when given prior to or after the administration of ethanol, but the time course of the action of methionine suggested the necessity for metabolic transformation of this amino acid in order for the acetaldehyde‐lowering effect to be evidenced. Studies with humans, given methionine doses of approximately one‐tenth of those used with mice, indicated that methionine can also lower acetaldehyde in humans ingesting ethanol. Given the toxic characteristics of acetaldehyde, methionine may prove effective in reducing the damaging effects of ethanol ingest

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum methanol levels were studied in 16 skid‐row alcoholics, 16 alcoholics entering a detoxification unit, 193 drunken drivers, and 50 social drinkers, all of whom had a blood‐ethanol concentration exceeding 5 mmol/liter at the time of sampling. Highest mean serum methanol level was found in alcoholics entering detoxification (636 ± 68 μmol/liter, p<0.001 as compared to social drinkers), followed by skid‐row alcoholics (567 ± 105 μmol/liter, p<0.001), drunken drivers (231 ± 11 μmol/liter, p<0.001) and social drinkers (127 ± 10 μmol/liter). During 2 days heavy drinking mean serum methanol concentration in 10 nonalcoholic volunteers increased from 177 ± 15 μmol/liter 1 h after the beginning of drinking to 322 ± 29 μmol/ liter 42 h after the beginning of drinking (p<0.001). In 70 of the drunken drivers urinary methanol concentration was determined as well and a fairly good correlation (r =+0.56, p<0.001) between serum and urinary methanol levels were found. Our results suggest that methanol determined either from serum or urine can be used as a biological marker

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 40 alcoholic noncirrhotic patients, we performed a fiver biopsy and determined the wedged hepatic vein pressure, the free hepatic vein pressure, and the intrahepatic vein pressure. In 27 of them, the serum concentration of the N‐terminal peptide of type 111 procollagen (PIIIP) and of the laminin P1 fragment was measured. All the liver biopsies were studied by light and transmission electronic microscopy. A score of collagenization of the Disse space (six classes) was performed using transmission electronic microscopy. 37 of the 40 patients had pathological collagenization of the Disse space which was correlated with intrahepatic pressure (p<0.01). The laminin P1 blood level in patients (1.38 ± 0.51 U/ml) was increased, compared to the values of our controls (0.99 ± 0.10 U/ml, p<0.01) and was correlated with the wedge hepatic vein pressure (p<0.01). The PlllP blood level was not significantly increased except when Mallory bodies were found in hepatocytes (p<0.05). The laminin P1 blood level seemed to be a good biological marker for detection of liver fibrosis in long‐term alcoholic i

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Orthotopic liver transplantation is a clinical procedure that has been accepted widely as the treatment of choice for individuals with advanced chronic liver disease. As such, its application to the important clinical problem of alcoholic liver disease is inevitable. The arguments for and against liver transplantation for individuals with advanced alcoholic liver disease are presented.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recently, we reported that the ingestion of alcohol in rats reduced the mechanical strength of femurs. Our results showed that, as the dose exceeded 0.012 g of ethanol per gram of body weight, a significant (p<0.001) loss of “strength” occurred that was independent of sex according to the relationshipIn the present effort, the same flexure tests were reevaluated to include the parameters of stiffness, toughness, and ductility. These latest results confirm that the femurs of rats fed an ethanol liquid diet for 4 weeks are not only weaker but also more compliant and less energy absorbing. Although the femurs of rats fed ethanol are more ductile, the bones are more prone to fracture in fatigue and impact circumstances as well as under simple loading situations. The rat may be an appropriate model to study the mechanisms that lead to the higher incidence of fractures in the alcoholic hu

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A longitudinal study with a 6‐year before‐period and a 9‐year after‐period was conducted to determine the effect of changing the number and type of alcohol outlets in Western Australia relative to a control State. During the 1974 to 1982 after‐period Western Australia had a 16.0% increase in the hotel, tavern, and store rate in comparison to the control State, but a 17.4% decrease in the rate of licences for licensed clubs, restaurants, and all other licences. Consistent with previous correlational research, the above changes were associated with significant increases in Western Australia for male (+24.3%) and female (+29.3%) liver cirrhosis mortality, but a significant decrease in male driver and motorcyclist mortality (‐22.1%). Attention is drawn to the value of longitudinal studies to examine both the negative and positive effects of changing the number and type of alco

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to assess the genetic correlates of differences in ethanol‐induced anesthesia, a set of 27 recombinant inbred (RI) strains was derived from an initial cross of the “long‐sleep” (LS) and “short‐sleep” (SS) selected lines of mice. In generations F24and F25, samples of 534 and 580 mice from the LSXSS RI strains were tested for fall time, sleep time, and blood ethanol at awakening subsequent to intraperitoneal injection of a 4.1‐g/kg body weight dose of ethanol. Approximately 2 weeks later, mice from F24were also tested for body temperature lowering and blood‐ethanol elimination rate (β60). Differences among the average ethanol‐induced sleep‐time scores of the RI strains are large (ranging from 36 to 171 min) and account for over 50% of the observed variance. Effects due to generation, sex, litters within strains, and the interaction between strain and generation are also significant, but account for relatively small proportions of the total variance. Quantitative genetic analyses of these data suggest that differences in sleep‐time scores are polygenic; however, allelic differences at the albino (c) locus may have a pleiotropic effect. Genetic correlations between sleep time and blood ethanol at awakening (‐0.79) and between body temperature 60 min after injection and β60(+0.48) are significant. Because differences among the LSXSS RI strains are large and highly reliable, they should be valuable animal models for testing more searching hypotheses about the etiology of individual differences in

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a rat model, we repolt here the duration of heavy drinking necessary to produce immunosuppression, the recovery time after such alcohol‐induced immunosuppression, and the variations in immune response associated with varied amounts of alcohol consumption. Immune status was evaluated by means of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH)‐like responses to phytohemagglutinin. The daily consumption of 5 g of ethanol/kg body weight/d resulted in a prompt reduction in DCH‐like responses which was significant by Day 3 (p = 0.03) and maximal by Day 11 (45% of baseline). These data were consistent with a similar reduction of migration inhibitory factor activity in spleen cells from ethanol fed rats. Cessation of ethanol resulted in a return to baseline within 4 days. In a second experiment ethanol was administered daily in doses ranging from 0.5 to 6.0 g/kg. Early (Day 5) low dose ethanol (0.5–2 g/kg) stimulated immune response (153–188% of baseline) while high dose (6.0 g/kg) suppressed (79% of baseline). Continued treatments resulted in a loss of stimulation at low dose and increased suppression at higher doses. The relationship of these animal studies to human binge drinking and the possible risk for infection in the alcoholic remains to be es

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the present series of studies was to determine whether an obstruction in the urogenital system or vesicoureteral reflux (reflux, the retrograde passage of urine from the bladder into the kidney) existed in mice prenatally exposed to ethanol which might account for the high incidence of hydronephrosis and hydrour‐eier observed. In order to examine these possibilities, indigo carmine was injected into the bladder of 19‐day fetuses previously exposed to ethanol on Day 10 of gestation and the presence of hydronephrosis and/or reflux determined. As expected, we found a greatly increased incidence of hydronephrosis and hydroureter. In addition, there was a significant increase in reflux in the ethanol‐treated mice. The incidence of reflux appeared to be related to the severity of the hydronephrosis observed, though cases of hydronephrosis without reflux and reflux without hydronephrosis were found. These data suggest both hypotheses may be salient and that a multiplicity of urogenital abnormalities are found following prenatal ethanol exp

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY