ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05548.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present paper describes a rat strain, Maudsley reactive (MR/N), which dramatically and reliably shows enhanced locomotor stimulation in an openfield apparatus after low doses of ethanol. Other strains, Sprague‐Dawley and Wistar inbred, do not show stimulation, whereas Maudsley nonreactive rats show a less dramatic and variable response to ethanol, compared to the MR/N strain. Female MR/ N rats show greater stimulation than male MR/N rats, and the response it dose‐, age‐, and apparatus‐related. We conclude that low dose ethanol‐induced locomotor stimulation in the MR/N rat strain could be a valuable rodent model for studying central neurochemical correlates of alcohol int

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ethanol metabolism in rat hepatocytes isolated either from the periportal (pp) or the perivenous (pv) area by collagenase gradient perfusion was compared to reveal metabolic factors that could be associated with the development of perivenous alcoholic liver damage. Cells were also isolated from rats given ethanol (E) chronically by addition to the drinking fluid. One group (EM) received in addition the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4‐methylpyrazoie, which potentiated the ethanol treatment by causing sustained elevated diurnal blood ethanol levels. Fatty degeneration ensued in only one‐third of the E rats but in all of the EM rats. The periportal/perivenous activity distributions of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) were 2.2 and 0.75, respectively. Both ethanol treatments significantly decreased the ALAT and increased the GLDH activities, but did not change their pp/pv distributions. Ethanol treatment also increased ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation, but to the same extent in pp and pv cells. The increase was more marked in cells from EM rats despite their more severe liver fatty degeneration. Ethanol incubation also increased the lactate/pyruvate ratio to the same extent in pp and pv cells both from control or ethanoi‐treated rats. Our results indicate that periportal and perivenous hepatocytes convert ethanol via acetaldehyde to acetate equally well and with similar effects even after chronic ethanol treatment Consequently, preferential damage of the perivenous area after chronic ethanol intake is not caused by inherent or acquired differences in ethanol metabolism between perivenous and periportal hepatocytes. Rather, sinusoidal gradients only established in the intact liver may exaggerate the metabolic imbalance by ethanol in the perivenous area, thus explaining its greater vulnerability to damage by alcohol

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Erythrocyte membranes from 11 healthy individuals and 11 alcoholic patients, examined within 24 hr of withdrawal, were studied for membrane fluidity as assessed by fluorescence polarization of 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene and for the concentrations of sialic acid and galactose in the membrane surface. Basal fluorescence polarization was significantly higher in the alcoholics and the membranes were dearly more resistant to the flutdizing effect of ethanol added in vitro. The concentrations of sialic acid as well as galactose were significantly reduced in the patients. The increased resistance to the fluidizmg effect of ethanol added in vitro appeared to be functionally related to reduced concentrations of terminal sialic acid and terminal and sialic acid‐bound β‐galactose in the membrane surface. The increased basal rigidity is probably due to concomitant changes in the lipid Mayer of the membrane. The results also showed, for the first time, that similar perturbations of membrane fluidity occur in human alcoholics as have been found previously in chronically ethanol‐tre

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effect of chronic ethanol feeding for 6 weeks to male Wistar rats upon the catabolism of rat chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins was investigated bothin vivoand in the perfused heart system. The exponential decay curves in the plasma compartment or in the perfused heart system of these lipoproteins labeled in the protein or triacylglycerol or cholesterol moieties were determined. It was found that chronic ethanol feeding inhibited the catabolism of both protein and triacylglycerol moieties by26–35%, whereas that of the cholesterol moiety was inhibited by67–71%. Since the catabolism of the triacylglycerol moiety takes place essentially in the extra hepatic tissues while that of the cholesterol moiety occurs in the liver, it is concluded that ethanol affects the catabolism of triacylglycerol‐rich lipoproteins in the liver more than in the extra‐hepatic

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although many alcoholics appear depressed upon entry into an alcoholism treatment program, the depressive features tend to disappear in most cases after only a few weeks of sobriety in an appropriate treatment setting. This report is concerned with understanding factors that mediate for persistence of depression in some detoxified alcoholics. Among four relatively independent aspects of alcohol‐related behavior measured by the Drinking Behavior Interview, only one factor, that related to disruption in close personal relationships, was found to correlate significantly with level of self‐reported depression at the end of a 4‐week treatment program. These results and those from a previous study are discussed in terms of the loss of social s

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study involved an evaluation of two versions of the “premature aging” theory of chronic alcoholism: the accelerated aging and increased vumerabHty versions. The major dependent measures used were the tests included in Reitan's brain age quotient (BAO), a series of neuropsychological tests known to be sensitive to the effects of alcoholism and aging. Subjects were 40 chronic alcoholic inpatients and 40 matched controls, divided into age groups by; decade, ranging from the 30s to the 60s. It was proposed that an j interaction between age and presence or absence of alcoholism, with BAO test differences between alcoholics and controls widening as age increases, would support the increased vulnerability version, while the absence of such aw interaction would support the accel‐] erated aging version. The results dearty favored the accelerated aging version, with merited BAO test differences between alcoholics, and controls appearing even in the 30‐year‐old groups. It was concluded that chronic ateohoftcs tend to perform at levels found for nonalconoiics 10 years their senior, but the discrepancy between, alcoholics and nonalcohoics does not increase

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method has been used to measure aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity in hair roots from Caucasian and Japanese subjects. Kinetic studies confirmed previous isoelectric focusing results that hair roots from Caucasians have two forms of ALDH, one low K. form and another highKmform, white hair roots from Japanese individuals who show a flushing reaction after ethanol intake lack, or have low activity of, the lowKmform. By taking the ratio of the activities measured at a low (3μm)and a high (75 μM) concentration of the substrate (3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde), a suitable index for ALDH deficiency was obtained. The ratio varied between 1.6 and 3.5 for Caucasians and between 7 and 23 for Japanese flushers, and it was 2.5 for a Japanese nonflusher. The current method allows a more quantitative and qualitative assessment of the ALDH isozyme pattern in hair roots than that obtained with the isoelectric focusing techni

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although an association between alcohol consumption during pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes has been well documented, variables related to alcohol consumption during pregnancy have remained neglected. Since pregnancy has been considered a time of crisis and stress for pregnant women, this study sought to determine the association of perceptions of pregnancy and social support to alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The 311 Southern metropolitan prenatal patients sampled were interviewed twice during pregnancy. Perception of pregnancy was not found to be correlated with either social support or alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Social support was significantly associated with decreased alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Using standard multiple regressions, two components of social support, general support and pregnancy support, were found to be working in opposite directions prior to pregnancy, with general support showing a positive association with alcohol consumption. Only pregnancy support continued to account for a significant amount of the variance in alcohol consumption during the first 4 months of pregnancy. Pregnancy support, additionally, showed a significant negative association with high maximum drinking (consuming five or more drinks on occasion) prior to pregnancy. These findings suggest that social support may be an important predictor of alcohol consumption both prior to and during pregnancy and merits further investigation.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY