ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The propensity to develop alcoholic cirrhosis is probably, at least in part, genetically determined. A striking similarity exists histologically between pernexiline and alcohol‐related hepatitis and both are potentially precirrhotic lesions. Liver damage due to pernexiline is associated with impaired drug oxidation capacity which is genetically determined and tested by use of debrisoquine. Oxidation phenotyping might be used to predict susceptibility to pernexiline liver damage; it might also predict the potential to develop alcoholic cirrhosis. Oxidation phenotyping was therefore undertaken, using debrisoquine in 100 alcoholic patients, 30 of whom had only fatty liver despite prolonged alcohol abuse, while the remaining 70 had alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis. One hundred patients with nonalcoholic chronic liver disease served as controls. The number of patients with severely impaired drug oxidation capacity (poor metabolizer phenotype) was similar in the alcoholic group (8%) and the nonalcoholic control group (7%). In particular, the incidence of the poor metabolizer phenotype was similar in alcoholics with severe liver disease (10%) and in those with only fatty change (3%).There appears to be no association between the susceptibility to develop alcoholic cirrhosis and drug oxidizing capacit

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human volunteers were given ethanol (0.4 g/kg) either intravenous or per os. They were also given ethanol (0.2 g/kg) intravenous 4 hr after receiving a dose of 50 mg titrated calcium carbimide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor. During the first hour after starting the administration of ethanol, ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were determined in expired air, blood from the right atrium, arterial blood, and venous blood. In the absence of calcium carbimide treatment, the respective maximal blood acetaldehyde concentrations were (range): 6‐30 μM (calculated from breath analysis using a Moodrbreath partition ratio of 190 for acetaldehyde); 0‐3.5 μM (right atrium blood); and 0 μM (arterial and venous blood). After calcium carbimide treatment, the maximal blood acetaldehyde concentrations were 10‐220 μM (calculated from concentrations in expired air), 38‐280 μM (right atrium), 31‐250 μM (arterial Wood), and 7‐186 μM (venous blood). With aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition, a clear correlation existed between breath concentrations and blood concentrations. Without this inhibition, no such correlation was found. A clear arterio‐venous difference was seen for acetaldehyde concentrations whUe they were artificially elevated by calcium carbimide. Our study suggests that factors other than the equilibration of acetaldehyde between alveolar air and pulmonary blood are of great importance in determining the concentration of acetald

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This investigation compared a group of 30‐year‐old male Veterans Administration inpatient alcoholics with an IQ, age, and education matched comparison group of nonpsychiatric VA outpatients or blue collar employees on three measures of persistence: Matching to Familiar Figures Test (MFFT), Retarded Rotation Test (RRT), and Mirror Tracing (MT). Alcoholics were found to make significantly more errors on the MFFT and MT tasks, but didn't differ significantly from nonalcoholics on the RRT. The alcoholics were also differentiated from the nonalcoholics on an overall index of persistence based on a combination of the three measures. The ramifications of the findings for understanding the etiology of the neuropsychological deficits manifested by alcoholics are discus

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the first data available on drinking and reproductive dysfunction from a representative national sample of women. In this stratified household sample of 917 women (weighted n = 2552), dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual flow, and premenstrual discomfort increased with drinking level and were particularly strongly associated with reported consumption of 6 or more drinks a day at least once a week. Women who consumed 6 or more drinks/day at least 5 times a week had elevated rates of gynecologic surgery other than hysterectomy, but hysterectomy was less common among women averaging 2 oz or more of ethanol/day, with age effects controlled. Lifetime rates of obstetric disorders showed significant elevations at upper levels of drinking (6 or more drinks/day at least 3 times a week for miscarriage or stillbirth and prematurity, and 6 or more drinks/day at least 5 times a week for infertility and birth defects). An unexpected finding was the high rates of menstrual disorders, hysterectomy, miscarriage or stillbirth, and prematurity among temporary abstainers (women reporting alcohol consumption in the past 12 months but not the past 30 days) who had previously drunk only infrequently.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Determination of the Duffy antigen status was made in a group of Baltimore patients with alcoholic liver disease. A parallel group of patients with chronic alcoholism but who did not show evidence of liver impairment was studied in a similar manner. An association between the presence of a positive Duffy antigen and alcoholic liver disease could not be demonstrated.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data from 1002 households indicated that contextual factors (group size, subsequent activity) and individual difference factors (sex, ‐extroversion, drinking frequency) differentially influenced consumption and normative ratings. These findings suggest that contextual cues serve as determinants of drinking norms and that drinking behavior reflects individual variation in sensitivity to these cue

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nuclear gated heart pool scan was used to assess the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in 19 patients attending the Drug and Alcohol Unit for treatment of their alcoholism. Eighteen of the patients were asymptomatic and had no signs of cardiac impairment. In 14 subjects (13 asymptomatic), the LVEF was subnormal. Repeat studies were performed in 10 of the subjects following a period of 4‐9 months of reduced intake of alcohol or abstinence. The LVEF improved in four subjects, remained unchanged in four, and actually decreased in two others despite a reduction in reported alcohol intak

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate a number of factors that may influence the relationship between neuropsychological impairment and treatment outcome among alcoholics. Cognitive deficit upon admission to treatment was significantly related to the individual's age but independent of the years of problem drinking and the recency of the last drink prior to assessment. Significant improvement was noted on measures of neuropsychological function over the period from treatment admission to 6‐month follow‐up assessment On the average, improvement in functioning occurred across time despite drinking relapses during the intervening period. The individual's age, but not years of problem drinking, was associated with recovery of function; neither of these variables interacted with subsequent drinking status to affect differentially the changes in cognitive functioning. Finally, selected measures of neuropsychological function assessed both at admission and 6‐month follow‐up were reliably related to follow‐up employment status but unrelated to the average amount of alcohol consumed per day and to the number of heavy drinking days during the 3‐month period between the 6‐ and 9‐month foltow‐ups. The results are discussed in terms of the need for determining the utility of neuropsychological measures in predicting everyday functioning among alcoholics and for selecting domains of assessment other than cognitive status to predict

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY