ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hypothermia was studied 5 min before, and 30 and 60 min after intraperitoneal administration of ethanol (3 g/kg) in 20 inbred strains of mice. Ethanol was given daily for 8 days, and temperatures were taken on Days 1, 3, 5, and 8. Tolerance was indexed by the reduction in hypothermia over days. There were large strain differences in baseline temperature, the hypothermic effect of ethanol, and in development of tolerance to hypothermia. Some strains of mice (DBA/1J, DBA/2N, MA/MyJ, and PL/J) did not develop tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol. Initial sensitivity to the hypothermic effect of ethanol was significantly genetically correlated with tolerance development, indicating control of these responses by common genes. Ethanol‐induced changes in activity and ataxia, as well as blood ethanol concentrations, were also assessed. Although there were significant strain differences in activity reduction, ataxia, blood‐ethanol concentrations, and changes in these parameters during the course of chronic treatment, none of these variables could explain the genetic differences in hypothermic sensitivity and tolera

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Protein synthesis in cultured P3/X63‐Ag8 mouse myeloma cells was inhibited by acute exposure to ethanol. However, the synthesis of IgGl antibody, as a percentage of total protein synthesis, increased slightly. Experiments using actinomycin 0 suggest that the overall inhibition of protein synthesis by ethanol occurs at the translational level. Following an L‐[35S]methiomne pulse, cultured P3/X63‐Ag8 cells contained one light antibody polypeptide and two heavy antibody polypeptides. One of these heavy chains was shown to be the unglycosylated precursor of the other, mature molecule. Only the glycosylated polypeptide is a normal constituent of secreted IgGl antibody. The glycosylation of the immature heavy chains occurred more rapidly during a 1‐hr isotopic pulse in cells exposed to ethanol (0.1 v/v % and above), than in unexposed control cells. The observed effects of ethanol on antibody glycosylation may be related to the increased susceptibility of alcoholic patients to infections. Ethanol may also affect the synthesis of other glycoproteins in myeloma cells and other

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sections of dog pancreas were freeze‐clamped before and 1 hr after oral administration of 1 g/kg of ethanol in anesthetized, respirated, 24‐hr‐fasted animals, and multiple metabolites were determined in the perchloric acid extract of the frozen tissue. In spite of the fact that the pancreas contained little or no alcohol dehydrogenase activity (<0.01 lU/g of tissue), significant metabolite changes did occur. Although arterial oxygenation was constant and adequate (pO2= 100±7 mM Hg) there was a significant 1.7‐fold rise in L‐lactate and fall in the cytoplasmic free [NAD+]/[NADH]ratio from 719±87 to 453±88 after ethanol. Except for a tendency for L‐malate and L‐α‐glycerolphosphate to parallel the rise in L‐lactate, there was little consistent disturbance in the remainder of the glycolytic metabolites (glucose, glucose 6‐phosphate, pyruvate, 2‐ketoglutarate, citrate, 3‐phosphoglycerate, etc.) or in high energy intermediates and related compounds (ATP, creatine phosphate, AOP, Pi, creatine). There was, however, an unexpected and significant fall in the levels of the major transaminating amino acids, L‐glu‐tamate, L‐aspartate, and L‐alanine. The results can be only partially explained by an influence of blood‐borne metabolites and imply significant effects of ethanol on the metabolism of the pancreas in vivo not directly mediated through alcohol dehydrogenase. Evidence is presented suggesting that both L‐alanine and L‐aspartate aminotransferases are functioning

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twelve alcoholic men (28–55 yr) presenting hypogonadal features but without overt liver failure were hospitalized and examined still consuming alcohol regularly. Sleep was approximately from 2200 to 0600; three equicaloric meals were served at 0700, 1200, and 1800. Blood samples were drawn at 4‐hr intervals throughout a 24‐hr span starting from 0800. Measured levels of Cortisol and testosterone were then analyzed by rhythmometric procedures in order to estimate parameters of the circadian oscillation such as mesor, amplitude, and acrophase, and the relevant confidence limits. Data were compared to those obtained in a matched group of 20 healthy controls. With regard to Cortisol, the rhythmometric analyses allowed the demonstration of a normally synchronized circadian rhythm substantially superimposable in alcoholics and controls. With regard to testosterone, the results were compatible with a significant circadian oscillation only in the control group. Alcoholics did show ample inter‐individual variability of plasma testosterone levels, but the apparent lack of the circadian rhythm was independent of the steroid concentration. These data extend previous observations and are consistent with the occurrence of important abnormalities in the circadian pattern of plasma testosterone in chronic male alcoholics prior to liver

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pairfeeding of ethanol liquid diet for 6 weeks to male Wistar rats resulted in defective extrahepatic as well as hepatic catabolism of rat lymph chylomicrons. Based upon the exponential decay curves of the chylomicrons in the blood compartment it was concluded that chronic ethanol feeding caused 30 and 67% decreases in the rate of degradation of the triacylglycerol and cholesterol moieties, respectively. As a consequence, abnormal chylomicron remnants accumulated in chronic ethanol‐fed but not in control animals. These abnormal remnants were not as efficient as the normal remnants in causing the feedback inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in hepatocytes from normal meal‐fed rats. Furthermore, the hepatocytes from chronic ethanol‐fed animals exhibited defective feedback regulation of cholesterol synthesis by normal chylomicron remnants. The net result of all these abnormalities caused by chronic ethanol feeding would be the delayed clearance of triacylglycerol‐rich lipoproteins from the blood compartment and enhanced synthesis and secretion of the triacylglycerol‐rich lipoproteins by

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alcoholic patients completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) while hospitalized for treatment and again after 4 years of follow‐up. Those who remained abstinent and functioned well in the community for the 4‐yr period were characterized during treatment by a significant elevation on the Depression (D) scale which decreased to normal ranges at follow‐up. Those who continued to drink periodically over the 4‐yr period had initial peaks on Psychopathy (Pd) and Hypomania (Ma) which were still elevated at follow‐up. An intermediate group who were usually abstinent during the 4‐yr period but had occasional relapses showed elevations on D and Pd during treatment with return to normal levels a

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of acute and chronic maternal ethanol consumption on in vitro placental uptake of a‐amino‐isobutyric acid (AIB), cycloleucine, L‐alanine (Ala), L‐leucine (Leu), and L‐lysine (Lys) were determined. Ethanol (4 g/kg, po) administered 2 hr prior to sacrifice, reduced (p<0.05) placental villous net uptake of cycloleucine and Ala by 29%. Prior chronic ethanol consumption depressed (p<0.05) placental uptake of AIB (38%), cycloleucine (45%), Ala (35%), Leu (25%), and Lys (34%). In vitro exposure of previously untreated villous fragments for 2 hr to 2 mg/ml of ethanol reduced (p0.05) by either ethanol (3 mg/ml) or acetaldehyde (600μM) and obeyed first order kinetics. It was concluded that acute, and especially chronic, maternal ethanol consumption can depress the placental uptake of a variety of amino acids in the rat and, in the acute setting, the effect was on a sodium‐dependent system involved in amino acid influx int

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for human alcohol dehydrogenase (AOH) has been developed. The method is based on preventing anti‐ADH antibodies from binding to ADH‐coated polystyrene microliter wells by preincubation with serial dilutions of ADH‐containing samples. The test detects ADH below 50 ng/ml. The sensitivity of the assay is superior to the commonly used photometric method and is particularly useful to quantitate ADH in crude tissue homogenates and in serum. Enzymatically active as well as inactive ADH can be detected, shown by the longer half‐life of the ADH antigenicity (6.5 months) as compared to the half‐life of the enzymatic activity (3.5 months). Approximately 10% of the total soluble protein in liver homogenates was ADH protein. The specific activity was around 0.4 lU/mg. It was higher in “atypical” livers although the absolute amount of ADH protein in these livers was identical with that in normal livers. ADH protein paralleled ADH activity in liver, stomach, and kidney homogenates. Normal serum on the average contained 59±16 ng/ml ADH (n = 9). Activity at these levels lies beyond the limits of spectrophotometric detectability. Serum of patients with liver disease exhibited elevated ADH levels paralleled by increasedy‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), but not alkaline phosphata

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When ethanol is administered to rats chronically by inhalation for 5–7 days to produce a final ethanol concentration in plasma of about 50 TTIM platelet agggregation in vitro to collagen is markedly inhibited. Platelet aggregation to ADP is relatively unaffected and there is no evidence of thrombocytopenia or morphological change in platelets on scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The changed sensitivity to collagen is not simply due to the presence of ethanol in plasma during the in vitro tests because in vitro addition of a similar concentration of ethanol produces a much smaller inhibition of platelet aggregation to collagen in platelet‐rich plasma from control animals. The acute or subacute administration of ethanol either by injection (3 g/kg‐1intraperitoneally) or by inhalation (4–6 h) produced very variable results, platelets from some animals being inhibited with respect to collagen as much as those from animals chronically exposed to ethanol, whereas others showed no inhibition other than that attributable to the presence of ethanol in plasma. When ethanol was administered chronically by inhalation for 30 days, thrombocytopenia was apparent and platelets from these animals were unresponsive to all aggregating agents tested. It is concluded that even relatively short periods of ethanol intake may lead to significant inhibition of platelet function, specifically aggregation to collagen. This may be of relevance to the suggested protective effect of ethanol intake in cardiovascular

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY