ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The similarities and differences in the adverse effects of ethanol upon hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal function of males and females are compared and contrasted. In addition, adverse effects upon gametes and the developing fetus are discus

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cross‐sectional, observational studies from four groups which have reported a difference between males and females in susceptibility to ethanol‐induced liver disease are reviewed. Crucial factors of representativeness of sampled groups, certainty of cirrhosis diagnosis, and quantitation of ethanol intake are examined. Attention is given to the direction of differences between males and females in the variables suggestive of differential susceptibility: age at presentation, years of excessive drinking, age at which excessive drinking began, percent of alcoholics of each sex diagnosed as having cirrhosis, age at death due to cirrhosis, daily ethanol intake, and the male to female ratio among cirrhotics as compared to alcoholics. Based on the consistency of findings among the studies reviewed, as demonstrated by replication of results obtained under different conditions of time, place, methodology, and subsamples of alcoholics studied, a conclusion of enhanced susceptibility to ethanol‐induced liver disease among women is reached. Finally, factors which may lend biological plausibility to the above susceptibility differential are consi

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A historical review of studies addressing the adrenal cortical response to ethanol and the mechanisms thought to contribute to such responses is presented. Studies reviewed range from the earliest based upon crude bioassay techniques to more modern papers which have utilized highly specific radioimmunoassay techniques and isolated perfused rat adrenal glands. Evidence for both hypothalamic‐pituitary as well as direct adrenal stimulation is presented. Available evidence, however, would suggest that acetaldehyde rather than ethanol per se, is responsible for direct adrenal stimulation when it occur

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04963.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six main types of histopathoiogical changes were found in 463 patients with chronic alcoholism admitted during the 10‐year period from 1966 to 1975: group I, normal liver in 2.6%; group II, fatty liver in 8.4%; group III, acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) in 7.6%; group IV, cirrhosis with or without steatosis in 68.7%; group V, cirrhosis with AAH in 12.8%; group VI, liver cell carcinoma (LCC) in 1.9% (all of the latter patients were also included in group IV). Seventy‐three % were males and 27% were females. Females tended to be older than males.Cirrhosis was found in 68% of the group between 21 and 30 yr and in 85% between 51 and 60 yr. Normal histology or steatosis was less frequent after the age of 50 yr. Ascites and jaundice were more frequent in patients with AAH than in patients with steatosis. The majority of patients had SGOT under 100 karmen units/ml; SGPT was normal in 80% of patients with cirrhosis and higher than 100 karmen units/ml in 10%. SGPT was higher than SGOT in only 11.9% of the patients. Mortality was 46.7% according to the follow‐up until 1978. Survival was 38.4% at the end of the first year and decreased very slowly afterwards to 32.8% in males and 11.5% in females after a 5‐yr

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Assessment of clinical behavior has been neglected in evaluating alcohol training for professionals. Inclusion of a systematic drinking history in patient charts provides a sensitive yet simple behavioral marker. At Boston City Hospital, a Ten Question Drinking History (TQOH) was incorporated into a prenatal intake procedure and used to monitor staff behavior. Utilization of the TODH, measured for six time periods, ranged from 92% to 33%. Obstetrical staff was more likely to complete the TQDH when the alcoholism research staff was visible in the clinic and readily available for concultation and referral.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY