ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Great progress has been made by research on the contribution genetic factors make to a vulnerability toward alcoholism. Animal studies have demonstrated the importance of genetics in ethanol preference and levels of consumption, and human family, twin, and adoption research have revealed a 4‐fold higher risk for offspring of alcoholics, even if they were adopted out at birth. The work presented in this symposium reviews the ongoing search for genetic trait markers of a vulnerability toward alcoholism. Dr. Li has used both animal and human research to demonstrate the possible importance of the genetic control of enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism and has worked to help develop an animal model of alcoholism. The possible importance of subgroups with different levels of predisposition toward alcoholism is emphasized by Or. Cloninger. An overview of the studies of sons of alcoholics, given by Dr. Schuckit, reveals the potential importance of a decreased intensity of reaction to ethanol as part of a predisposition toward alcoholism and discusses the possible impact of some brain waves and ethanol metabolites to an alcoholism vulnerability. Dr. Deitrich reviews interrelationships between studies of animals and humans in the search for factors involved in a genetic vulnerability toward alcoholism. Taken together, these presentations underscore the importance of genetic factors in alcoholism, review animal and human research attempting to identify markers of a vulnerability, and reveal the high level of interaction between human and animal researc

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The simultaneous administration of ethanol increases the mortality rate and tissue damage observed in rats after 1,4‐butanediol (1,4‐BO). A related increase in tissue 1,4‐BO concentration supported the hypothesis of an in vivo competition of the two substances for alcohol dehydrogenase. The clinical implications of the results, in light of the recent discovery of the presence of endogenous 1,4‐BD in humans are di

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As part of the first phase of a prospective longitudinal study on alcoholism, a battery of neuropsychological tests covering general intelligence, memory, attention, field‐dependence, categorizing ability, and organizing and planning, was administered to 204 18–19‐year‐old males. Of these, 134 subjects are the sons of alcoholic fathers and are thereby themselves at high risk for becoming alcoholic. The remaining 70 subjects comprise a control group matched for several social and familial variables. The high risk group was found to have a relatively poorer vocabulary and to perform worse on tests of categorizing ability and organization and planning. All of these findings concur with other results from this study. The anticipated future alcoholics from among the high risk subjects may prove to be those who differed most on thes

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study replicates the findings of Smith and Chyatte that left‐handed alcoholic men have a less favorable treatment outcome than right‐hand

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evaluation of 312 abstinent alcoholic* (163 man and 149 women) with the Symptom Check‐List 90 revealed high levels of symptomatology for subjects in the early months of abstinence. Symptomatology decreased progressively with prolonged abstinence, approximating normal levels for subjects abstinent 10 years or more. The levels were similar for men and women. At aH stages, for both men and women, symptomatology was highest on the depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and obsessive‐compulsive symptom dimensions, with guilt a particularly persistent symptom. It is suggested that the findings depict a long‐term process of recovery from active alcoholism and are consistent with the concept of a protracted withdrawal syndrome, an intermediate (partially reversible) brain syndrome, and general psychosocial dysfunction and demoralization consequent to active alcoh

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Systematic data comparing early onset (EO) versus late onset (LO) subgroups of older alcoholics is presented in this preliminary clinicalreportThirty‐sixolderactive problem drinkers, ages 53 to 76 years at the time of entry into a special outpatient treatment program, were assessed on selected demographic, psychological, alcohol history, and alcohol treatment compliance variables. There were 14 EOs (first alcohol problem prior to age 40 years) and 22 LOs (first problem after age 40). Compared to EOs, LOs reported less family alcoholism and greater current psychological stability. Treatment compliance in both groups was similarly high, compared to overall clinic norm

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Drug interactions between ethanol and pentobarbital and ethanol and chlordiazepoxide were investigated utilizing mice. At the peak of oral ethanol (0–4 g/kg), either sodium pentobarbital (1–120 mg/ kg) or chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (2–400 mg/kg) was given intraperHoneafly. Blood concentrations of ethanol, pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, and its pharmacologically active major metabolites were monitored utilizing either gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Lethality and loss‐of‐righting reflex were measured as indexes of behavioral drug interactions. It was evident from the isoootographtc plot that the interactions between ethanol and pentobarbital and ethanol and chlordiazepoxide were more than additive. Interaction between ethanol and pentobarbital was greater than that between ethanol and chlordiazepoxide. Furthermore, with increasing ethanol pretreatment the shift in dose‐response curves for the loss‐of‐righting reflex was affected more than the shift in dose‐response curves for lethality. Blood concentration monitoring of each drug indicated that the rate of biotransformation of pentobarbital was significantly decreased; sequential biotransformation of chlordiazepoxide was also altered, resulting in a large accumulation of demethylchlordiazepo

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An ethnic predisposition to ethanol‐provoked flushing among diverse Mongoloid populations may be the consequence of a delayed oxidation and accumulation of acetakfehyde. Orientals who flush after oral alcohol are more likely to have cutaneous erythema after topical ethanol or propanol, and the cutaneous vascular reaction to primary alcohols is actually provoked by the corresponding aldehyde. The cutaneous reaction to primary alcohols can be totally blocked by pretreatment with 4‐methylpyrazole, a potent inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogen

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY