摘要:

The Z-line of insect muscle shows different organizations in fibres with diverse performances. The Z-line fine structure and arrangement correlated with the functions of the muscle allow the different cases to be classified in three schematic groups:unstructured Z, typical of muscles not particularly specialized either in quick movements or in developing or maintaining strong tensions;structured Z, typical of quick synchronous or asynchronous muscles;fragmented Z, typical of the supercontracting muscles. The suggested models are brieflly discussed on the basis of their functional and evolutional meanings.

ISSN:0373-4137    

DOI:10.1080/11250008109438711

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Among the lower Metazoa, the basic structure of the animals sets limits to the locomotory techniques available to them and to the habitats they can occupy. Small but critical structural changes overcome these limitations and once achieved they have resulted in major phyletic radiations.

ISSN:0373-4137    

DOI:10.1080/11250008109438712

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The distribution of obliquely (helical) and cross-striated muscles, and their physiological and mechanical properties, are analyzed throughout the zoological scale in relation to the presence and the functional requirements of different types of skeletal systems. It is suggested that helical fibres are an evolutionary answer to the appearing of the hydroskeleton, being able to develop high active tensions also in conditions of superelongation. The mechanism by which this unique property is realized depends on the possibility of a typical change in the relationships between thick and thin filaments of the same sarcomere.

ISSN:0373-4137    

DOI:10.1080/11250008109438713

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Locomotion in some terrestrial planarians of the generaRhynchodemusandMicroplanahas been investigated with cine-film and the results interpreted by mechanical models developed from those proposed by Jones (1978). Muscular and ciliary activity both play an essential rôle in the locomotion of the species studied. Peristalsis is not so important as generally acknowledged: inM. terrestrisit accounts for only c. 30 percent of the locomotive forces. However, some non-peristaltic forces, such as body winding and looping, are also of muscular nature.

ISSN:0373-4137    

DOI:10.1080/11250008109438714

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Though coelenterate muscle fibres develop as a part of epithelial cells, yet they seem to have the main morpho-functional features of muscle in the higher Metazoa. In fact, these fibres contain thick and thin myofilaments which may function as a sliding system. In addition, they may be smooth or cross-striated depending on the movement involved. Finally, they are connected by synapses with the nervous system.

ISSN:0373-4137    

DOI:10.1080/11250008109438715

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ohlique- and cross-striated muscles in polichaetes.

ISSN:0373-4137    

DOI:10.1080/11250008109438716

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Etologia di Campagnadi S. Lovari, Universale Scientifica Boringhieri, Torino, 266 pp., 35 figg., 1980. Reviewed by Augusto Vigna Taglianti.

ISSN:0373-4137    

DOI:10.1080/11250008109438717

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor