摘要:

Low concentration heparin solutions are used routinely in many hospitals to maintain the patency of indwelling peripheral venous catheters. This practice poses potential problems, as well as having a cost implication for the drugs budget. In view of evidence suggesting normal saline as an effective alternative, the pharmaceutical service in North Staffordshire health district initiated a programme to encourage the use of saline in preference to heparin for maintaining catheter patency. This paper describes the strategies used to achieve a change in practice, and demonstrates the success of the programme. The cumulative savings on the drugs budget in the three years following the change exceeded £15,00

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1993.tb00717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The stability of morphine sulphate solution (2mg/ml in 0.9 per cent w/v saline) was determined after storage in two brands and two sizes of polypropylene syringes, with or without 0.1 per cent w/v sodium metabisulphite. The suitability of plastic syringes for the long term storage of morphine solutions was further investigated by an assessment of sorption onto or into the syringe, vapour loss and oxygen permeability. A comparison was also made with storage in glass syringes. Measurement of morphine sulphate was by a stability‐indicating high performance liquid chromatographic assay. After six weeks, a small loss (<5 per cent) in potency was detected due to oxidation in polypropylene syringes without antioxidant. Polypropylene syringes showed little resistance to oxygen permeation. Oxidation was greater in glass syringes compared with polypropylene syringes, possibly due to release of caustic material. Although inclusion of sodium metabisulphite 0.1 per cent w/v offered protection against oxidation, and the breakdown product pseudomorphine was not detected, the antioxidant was incompatible with morphine under these conditions, resulting in the formation of an unknown substance or complex. To summarise, an acceptable level of stability was observed after storage of morphine solutions in 30ml or 50ml three‐piece polypropylene syringes in the dark, at room temperature, for six weeks. While such syringes are not protected from oxygen permeation and are susceptible to oxidation over the longer term, all attempts at using glass syringes or an antioxidant were unsuccessful due to a number of fact

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1993.tb00718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey was conducted among a sample of those pharmacists in Britain who installed a patient medication record (PMR) system during 1990 to gauge the importance of various factors that might have influenced the pharmacist's decision to acquire the system. The responses indicate that government funding influenced the developing utilisation of PMRs, but to a lesser extent than anticipated. PMRs have been installed primarily for clinical and professional reasons. Of the reasons for installing a PMR system, competition from other pharmacies was more likely to be considered important by female pharmacists, and by pharmacists working for large multiple companies, than by their male counterparts or independent contractors. The need to upgrade equipment at the end of its life span was cited as a reason for purchasing a PMR system. Future progress is likely to be very dependent on such upgrades at periodic intervals to introduce new technology into pharmacy practice.

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1993.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article describes the various tests that should be considered in the chemical stability testing of drugs prepared in hospital pharmacy. The requirement for a stability indicating analytical method to carry out such tests is emphasised.

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1993.tb00720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper introduces expert systems and considers the advantages and disadvantages of their use in pharmacy. It describes how the future pharmacist is likely to be assisted by an expert system for diagnosis and patient management, and details a pharmacy system which accesses doctors' records and prescription databases, relieving the pharmacist of much clerical work and even some clinical activities. The provision of expert systems for public use and the potential for computer aided learning is also discussed. However, the legal aspects of expert system use remain to be clarified. Two prototype systems being developed at King's College, London, are described.

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1993.tb00721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pharmacokinetics and dose requirements of disopyramide were evaluated in 10 infants and children during the course of routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Drug clearance was estimated using a Bayesian parameter estimation program and found to range from 0.09‐0.31L/h/kg. Concentrations associated with a satisfactory response were achieved with doses of 15‐20mg/kg/day in most patients, but some required higher doses of 25‐30mg/k

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1993.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1993.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY