ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concept of patient medication record systems has been recognised since the 1970s. This article traces the development of PMRs from a pharmacy held, manual card index system to computer read “smart cards” retained by the pati

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The costs of 15,226 drug items prescribed by 22 doctors in two UK health centres were analysed with respect to patients' age and gender. For patients aged 65 and over, average drug costs per practice patient at the health centres were, respectively, 3.6 and 5.2 times greater, and the number of prescribed items 3.3 and 5.6 times greater, than for patients under 65. When analysed in 10 patient‐age bands, there was a gradual increase in the number of prescribed items and average costs from the age of 35 to 74 years at each centre. Items and costs decreased for patients aged 75 and over. The increase in costs was the consequence of a general increase in prescribed items throughout the major therapeutic groups. The findings suggest that the prescribing unit, which is a weighting factor for age currently employed to standardise populations when making interpractice comparisons of prescribing costs, may not be wholly appropriate and could conceal important differences in some patient groups, especially the middle age ranges of 35 to 64 year

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00540.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Resource management has important implications for pharmacy, and methods of costing drugs to individual patients require evaluation as part of this approach. Three systems of allocating medication costs to individual patients have been examined in a study over a year on one medical and one surgical ward at Freeman hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne.These systems were investigated in three phases: (i) calculation of average cost per bed occupied day, using existing data; (ii) retrospective collection of data from prescription charts; (iii) data capture at the time of administration.The first approach gave variable and insensitive data about medication costs. Although having little effect on workload, it had no clear potential for resource management.The second phase evaluated two methods for calculation of drug costs from medication records after discharge. The system accounted for less than 70 per cent of drug costs, and poor staff acceptability, and was time‐consuming to administer with no additional benefits.The third phase captured data via lightpens, with bar codes identifying patient and drug. Between 66 per cent and 93 per cent of issues were recorded accurately by this system.Advantages included computerised ordering with subsequent time‐savings and improvement in stock control. The system has clear potential for use in clinical audit and drug utilisation re

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00541.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

New management arrangements which were initiated in National Health Service hospitals on April 1, 1990, required hospital pharmacists to draw up internal contracts for their services with clinical directorates/clinical speciality managers. There is an urgent requirement to be able to describe the work and benefits, both in terms of patient care and cost effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services.This pilot study describes a system where clinical pharmacists' patient interventions were recorded, entered into a computer data base and analysed to show any quality of care and cost avoidance benefits.

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00542.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The long‐term stability of teicoplanin in dialysis solution was determined at various storage temperatures. The investigation was undertaken using dialysis solution (1.36 per cent glucose) containing 25mg/L teicoplanin. Stability under refrigerated conditions (4°C), room temperature (representing typical home storage conditions of 20°C) and body temperature (37°C) was determined in triplicate over a 42 day period. Samples (5ml) from each dialysis bag were taken at 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days. Measurement of teicoplanin was by stability‐indicating bioassay involving a standard plate technique using spore suspensions ofBacillus subtilis.All bioanalyses were performed in triplicate. Loss of teicoplanin activity of more than 10 per cent was indicative of instability. At 4°C, the mean concentration (±SD) of teicoplanin over the 42‐day period was 24.05±1.53mg/L with a coefficient of variation of 6.36 per cent. However, loss in antibiotic activity was observed at the higher temperature storage conditions. At 20°C, a 10 per cent reduction in activity occurred after 25 days' storage; at 37°C it occurred after seven days. Therefore, teicoplanin is stable in dialysis fluid but the storage conditions have a marked effect

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The performance, cost and patient acceptability of two continuous infusion pumps, the Parker 2004 and the CADD‐1, were compared in patients receiving continuous infusions of cytotoxic drugs. Eight patients used each pump for a minimum of four weeks. Questionnaires on both pumps were completed by each patient. All patients preferred the Parker pump in almost every respect.Problems encountered with the pumps were recorded over 12 months and an estimate of running costs was made. Fourteen patients used the Parker pump for an average of 20.7 weeks and 11 patients used the CADD‐1 pump for an average of 14.1 weeks. Eight patients used both pumps. Using either pump, it was possible to maintain outpatients on infusion therapy with few problems. The Parker pump is more economical to run in continuous operation but is less economical than the CADD‐1 pump for giving short infu

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A postal survey was sent to all users of the Pharmacy Information and News Service (PINS) in May, 1990. Of 356 questionnaires (72 per cent) returned, 179 were from community pharmacists currently using PINS, and these were analysed. The PINS option which the greatest number of those respondents found “useful” or “very useful” was the news section, followed by the malaria prophylaxis and register inquiries sections. Some 59 per cent accessed PINS less than once a week, most claiming to use it less than they had envisaged when they became subscribers. Sixty‐seven per cent indicated that the type and quality of information on PINS was what they had expected, but 58 per cent did not think the system was user

ISSN:0961-7671    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00545.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY