ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160902

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe successes of molecular developmental biology over the last ten years have been particularly impressive in those directions favored by its major paradigms. New technologies have both guided and been guided by the progress of the field. I review briefly some of the major insights into embryonic development that have derived from research in four specific areas: early embryogenesis of various forms; “pattern formation”; evolutionary conservation of regulatory elements; and spatial mechanisms of gene regulation. There remain many major problem areas, some of which may require new orientations to so

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160903

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160904

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160905

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160906

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMice with alterations to specific endogenous genes can be produced by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. The field has developed rapidly over the past decade, so that large numbers of mice with different gene deficiencies have been generated. Knockout mice provide an ideal opportunity to analyse the function of individual mammalian genes and to model a range of human inherited disorders. This powerful approach has also identified numerous examples of gene redundancy and has highlighted the need to consider metabolic differences between man and mouse in disease modelling. More sophisticated gene‐targeting methods are now being used to introduce subtle gene alterations. In the future, more refined genetic analysis and genome, rather than individual gene, alterations will be achieved by incorporating site‐specific recombination into targeting strategies. Gene targeting could also make a contribution to improved protocols for gene ther

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160907

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWithin the last decade, the study of mitosis has evolved into a multidisciplinary science in which findings from fields as diverse as chromosome biology and cytoskeletal architecture have converged to present a more cohesive understanding of the complex events that occur when cells divide. The largest strides have been made in the identification and characterization of regulatory enzymes (kinases and phosphatases) that modulate mitotic activity, as well as a number of the proteins and structural components (spindle, chromosomes, nuclear envelope) which carry out the mitotic instructions. One emerging theme appears to be that molecular signalling, which can involve modification of components (such as phosphorylation) or even their specific destruction, monitors the state of the mitotic cell at all stages. One of the major challenges for the future will be the identification of addititonal targets of the signalling machinery, as well as new regulatory components and their targets on the chromosomes, on the spindle, and at the cleavage furrow.

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160908

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160909

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe proteins that are implicated in the basal transcription of protein coding genes have now been identified. Although little is known about their function, recent data demonstrate the ability of these proteins, previously called class II transcription factors, to participate in other reactions: TBP, the TATA‐box binding factor, is involved in class I and III transcription, while TFIIH has been shown to possess components that are involved in the DNA repair mechanism. The involvement of some if not all of the TFIIH subunits in transcription and repair may explain the heterogeneity of the various and sometimes completely unrelated symptoms observed in xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne Syndrome and trichothiodystrophy disorder

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160910

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950160911

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY