ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree proteins used to initiate DNA replication and carry out site‐specific recombination in E. coli generate organized nucleoprotein structures at their target sites. The association of proteins bound at multiple sites on DNA presumably folds or winds the DNA to produce a specific three‐dimensional conformation. This specialized nucleoprotein structure may be a general mechanism for achieving very high fidelity in DNA transactions in which even a rare mistake must be avoided. The overall interaction is more complex than that of prokaryotic transcription regulators studied so far, but might be characteristic of eukaryotic transcription regulators, for which the problem of site‐localization is more diff

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the most dynamic areas of plant molecular biology is the investigation of the actions of three classes of herbicides: s‐triazines (atrazine, simazine), glyphosate, and sulfonylureas (chlorsulfuron, sulfometuron methyl) (Figure 1). The results of this work are expected to provide the first significant applications of plant biotechnology: directly, in the genetic engineering of crop plants resistant to specific herbicides and, indirectly, in providing a molecular basis for the rational design of new herbicides for specific biological targets.s‐Triazines affect photosynthesis by inhibiting the binding of quinones to the chloroplast membrane QBprotein. An s‐triazine resistant QBprotein isolated from weeds in fields consistently treated with the herbicide has a serine in place of a glycine in this highly conserved protein. Glyphosate inhibits 5‐enolpyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase), an enzyme in the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Mutagenized bacteria produce a resistant EPSP synthase with a substitution of serine for proline. Sulfonylureas inhibit the acetolactate synthase (ALS) of bacteria, yeast, and higher plants; this enzyme catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of branched chain amino acids. Resistant ALS has been found in bacteria, yeast and tobacco with a proline substituted by serine in yeast ALS. These findings provide a strong basis for developing projected plant biotechnology

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTubulin is the ubiquitous protein that makes up the walls of the cytoskeletal elements known as microtubules. These 20 nm diameter cylindrical fibers are the spindle fibers for mitosis, provide the skeletal framework for cellular elongation, constitute the major structural and motile elements of cilia and flagella and probably play a number of other roles in eukaryote cells. In the electron microscope, they are never seen to attach or protrude directly into or on cellular membranes. It was therefore with much skepticism that cell biologists responded to recent claims purporting to show that tubulin is (or can be) a membrane protein. This skepticism comes from a bias based on the generally understood function of cytoskeletal proteins as representing the intracellular ‘bones’ of cells. The traditional thinking was that microtubules may attach to cellular membranes but only via a cross‐linking connecting protein. In recent years, however, an increasing number of workers have come to believe that tubulin can exist as a normal membrane protein possibly independent of its role in microtubule fun

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhysiological concentrations of retinoic acid can induce acute alterations in the expression of the enzyme tissue transglutaminase in cultured macrophages. The induction of this enzyme offers a probe to study the mechanism of retinoid action in both normal and leukemic cells.

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe goal of constructing artificial photosynthetic assemblies is to use sunlight for the generation of hydrogen from water; the hydrogen obtained should be an ideal energy source. The use of surfactant vesicle entrapped‐catalyst coated colloidal semiconductors and sacrificial electron donors for photosensitized water reduction illustrates how chemists mimic photosynthesi

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlasminogen activators are enzymes with multiple roles. They play vital parts in maintaining the functional integrity of the vascular system and they are also involved in processes of tissue reorganization. In this review, the molecular properties of these enzymes that make them ideal targets for genetic and biochemical engineering to satisfy a potential therapeutic role are described.

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnough is known about pattern formation in development to encourage investigations at the molecular level. A pressing need is to understand the molecular basis of positional value, which is similar to determination. It is suggested here that there is a molecular entity which varies in such a way that it corresponds with cell position. Other problems in pattern formation include thresholds, identification of morphogens, and the origin of handedness.

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhat's Newwill present discussions of new methodologies or improvements of previously developed techniques. In this article, A. C. Cuello and C. Milstein discuss the present status of monoclonal antibody technology..

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY