ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe serological properties of the major histocompatibility (class I) antigens of mammals have raised many questions about the structure and function of these molecules. Over the past four years the cloning of their gene sequences has begun to provide some of the answers to these questions. The structural analyses have demonstrated close similarities between class I genes of man and mouse, established the existence of numerous class I pseudogenes in human and murine genomes, and indicated the importance of gene conversion events in regulating the sequence diversity of this gene family. In addition, the ability to construct new class I genesin vitroand to transfect cultured murine cells with the synthetic sequences is permitting new tests of the functional organization of these genes in relation to their structure.

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe now know the structures of over 200 proteins to atomic resolution. Despite the impressive extent and quality of the results, crystal‐structure analysis has often been thought of as limited in scope, not only in its restriction to samples that can be crystallized, but in the more important respect that taking ‘snapshots’ of proteins does not directly address the complex spatio‐temporal organization of the processes in which proteins participate. It is suggested here that, as the field has matured, this second limitation is gradually being overcome. As we gain increased access to structures of proteins in different conformational states – for example, in conformations produced by different states of ligation – and to families of homologous proteins, we can proceed from the statics of protein structure to the dynamics of conformational change, function, and evolution.A new scientific speciality has grown up around the solved structures: it has as its goal the elucidation of general principles of protein structure and function, to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the properties of proteins revealed by experiment. In this article we shall discuss some of the activity in this field. It will emerge clearly, I believe, that the increasing number and variety of solved structures is exerting a cumulative force. General principles are emerging from comparisons of related proteins and contrasts of dissimilar ones: the whole corpus of data is greater than the sum o

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent work has led to the discovery of six patients with 4‐hydroxybutyric acid‐uria, a severe hereditary human pathology characterized by the accumulation of a compound of known neuropharmacologic activity in body fluids. The enzymatic deficiency has been localized to succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, one of two enzymes involved in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter GABA. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and carrier detection has been accomplished by quantification of intermediate enzyme activities. The clinical, enzymatic and pharmacologic characteristics of this disease are reviewed h

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndothelial cells in culture have, in the past, been a valuable but capricious tool to test hypotheses on the role of components of the blood vessel wall in such functions as blood pressure homeostasis, hemostasis, permeability, transport of macromolecules and the processing of circulating biologically active substances. Now techniques are becoming available for raising long‐term, large‐scale cultures that can be maintained reproducibly and without loss of phenotypic characteristics. The outlook for establishing endothelial cell factories invites speculation on some far‐reaching possibilities, such as endothelial cell banks that could be used for seeding autogenous cells on vascular prostheses, artificial kidney tubing, heart valves, or corneas, or for virus production, or for synthesis by endothelial cells of products at present beyond the reach of bacterial

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe teratogenic effect of ethanol on human and animal embryos is now well documented. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated that ethanol and related spindle‐acting agents may additionally interfere with normal meiotic chromosome segregation during oocyte maturation, leading to the production of aneuploid embryos. The mode of action, and potential hazard posed by these agents is considere

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVaccinia virus, the world's oldest vaccine, was used originally for the eradication of smallpox. It is now being genetically engineered to create new live vaccines for use against other infectious agents of medical and veterinary importance. Genes coding for antigens of several pathogens have been linked to vaccinia virus transcriptional regulatory signals and inserted into the vaccinia virus genome. The resultant recombinant viruses are infectious, express the foreign gene, stimulate specific immune responses in vaccinated animals and can protect against disease caused by the corresponding pathogen.

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies on individual enzymes in dilute solutions have largely provided the basis for many of the current views on metabolism and its control in intact cells. An increasing body of evidence from studies made on intact cells suggests that this approach may require re‐evaluation. One recent example of this evidence is briefly reviewed and related to other work that bears on the matte

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950010311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY