摘要:

A study on the influences of adrenaline upon the metabolism of glycogen in fish retina is presented. The glycogen in the retina of the fishEugerres plumieriamounted to approximately 7·5 mg glucose/10 g tissue wet weight of which 5·8+0±81 S.D. was present in the lyo‐form and 1·7+0·41 S.D. in the desmo‐form. The phosphorylase A activity in this tissue was found to be 36·5 μg P/g tissue wet weight/min, which represents 68 % of the total phosphorlyase activity. A definite effect of administered adrenaline upon the retinal glycogen could be observed only when conditions facilitating the penetration of this substance into the retina were given. A dose of 100 μg/kg body weight of adrenaline injected to the animals previously pretreated with 10 mg/kg of isocarboxazid and 20 ml of 20% v/v aqueous solution of ethanol showed a significant increase in phosphorylase activity and a close to 50% drop in the retinal lyo‐glycogen. The highest penetration of adrenaline into the retina was observed 20 to 40 min after the injection of adrenaline into a fish pretreated with isocarboxazid 4 h and ethanol 20 min prior to the administration of the amine. Under these conditions the glycemia went up from 70mg% to 90mg% and the MAO‐activity dropped from a value of 85 ug 4 HOQ/g tissue wet weight

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A histological, histochemical and ultrastructural examination of the skin of wild and cultured plaice was carried out, using fish from each year class from 0+ to 4+. The skin was shown to be similar in general structure to that of other teleosts but a previously undescribed cell, designated the Eosinophilic Granular Cell, a dendritic secretory cell found throughout the basal layers of the epidermis, is described. It was fixed only by formalin or dichromate, and contained numerous acidophilic granules. Melanin‐bearing macrophages were observed migrating through the epithelium, but no DOPA or tyrosinase positive cells were observed by the methods used. Mast cells were very common in the dermis but were only demonstrable by special techniques. The melanophore and guano‐phore systems are described and although no melanophores or melanocytes were found in the unpigmented areas of partially pigmented hatchery‐reared fish, the integrity of the guanophore system was complete in such

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

124 specimensof Lophius piscatorius, L. have been studied (22 males, 90 immature females and 12 sexually mature females) from the Mediterranean coast between October 1968 and February 1971. The plasma values of total proteins, Cl‐, K+, Na+, plasma iron, total iron binding capacity and plasma copper have been determined. These values are related to weight, length, sex and sexual maturity, depth of trawl and season of the year. The electrolyte content is somewhat lower than given for this species. A clear seasonal variation is observed, with a decrease in the plasma electrolyte. The iron and copper plasma and TIBC values agree with the few values previously recorded and it is thought that they will be of interest due to the scarcity of data on fis

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During extensive sampling of populations of sticklebacks for parasites, it became apparent that marked differences existed in the distribution of the 2 British freshwater species. Observation of the survival, respiratory rates and distribution of three‐ and nine‐spined sticklebacks from a variety of habitats supports the suggestion that physiologically, the nine‐spined stickleback is much better adapted to life in closed, shallow, weedy, eutrophic waters, depleted in oxygen. By comparison,Gasterosteus aculeatusfavours more open well oxygenated

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Simultaneous determinations of microhaematocrit, erythrocyte numbers and haemoglobin concentrations have been obtained for samples of carp and trout of both sexes acclimated to various temperature regimes, and varying seasonal and nutritional states. Because haematological parameters have been used as indices of physiological condition in fishes correlational and multivariant regression analyses were carried out in an effort to determine whether valid correlations existed between the readily‐determined parameter, microhaematocrit, and the other 2 variables. Results obtained indicate that microhaematocrit can be used as a general index of haematological status in the carp but not the brook trou

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an examination of 1352 whiting from the Irish Sea 13 helminth species were discovered. One species,Scolex polymorphusRudolphi, was a new species associated with whiting and 7 other species were new species for whiting from the Northern Irish Sea. The species of the digenean genusPodocotylefound in whiting is probably an ecotype of P.atomon.It was concluded that the bothridial structure of 5.polymorphuscannot be used for diagnostic purposes nor to determine early and late stages of the larvae. The number ofDiclidophora merlangiKuhn (Monogenea) from each monthly sample with eggs in the uterus is directly proportional to temperature, but egg production under experimental conditions was greatest at 6° C. Several theories are proposed to explain these apparently contradictory observations. The life‐history of the digeneanStephanostomum pristisLooss, appears to be unusual in that the 2nd intermediate host may be planktonic. The nematodeContra caecum clavatumRudolphi is found both as larvae and adults but larvae comprise the greater part of the worm population. The discovery of small stage II larvae in the stomach of whiting supports the theory that only one intermediate host is necessary for the development ofContmcaecum. There were significantly more femaleC. clavatumthan male but a 1: 1 sex ratio is demonstrated by the acanthocephalanEchinorhynchus gadiMuller. Early and late forms of the plerocercoid ofGrillotia erinaceusVan Beneden are identified. The early form occurred predominantly in the young whiti

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reports concerned with the environmental regulation of teleost reproductive cycles are critically reviewed. Photoperiod and temperature have been the most frequently studied environmental factors with respect to control of sexual cycling. Photoperiod may exert the dominant regulatory role in the salmonid family, but few species have been examined so no conclusive statement is presently possible. Both photoperiod and temperature may be important controlling factors in the cyprinid family, but inadequate controls prohibit meaningful interpretation. Temperature may be extremely important in regulating reproductive cycles in the cyprinodontiform fishes. Although the data are inconclusive, it appears that changes in daylength play some role in reproductive cycling in the gasterosteids. Photoperiod and temperature seem to interact in regulating the sexual cycles in the 2 periform species investigated.It is concluded that short term laboratory studies may lead to erroneous statements concerning the importance of exogenous factors in controlling annual reproductive cycles. Although photoperiod has been credited as the dominant environmental regulatory factor in many previous investigations, photoperiodism seems to be temperature sensitive in a majority of the teleost species studied. Responsiveness to exogenous factors appears to depend on the gonadal condition of the beginning controls (effects vary with season). Considerable variation is seen in the reproductive timing mechanisms among the teleosts and few generalizations can be made with regard to phylogenetic, geographic or ecological relationships of the fishes studied.

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Records of occurrence of 88 species of rare or little‐known marine fishes in British seas during the years 1968 and 1969 are given. The significance of some of these occurrences is briefly discusse

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hamilton (1822) described and figuredBola chaptisfrom the River Ganges, but left no type material. Trewavas&Talwar (1972, p. 11) have described a species that they believe identical withB. chaptisand placed it in the genusBahabaHerre. Since their specimens came from Burma they did not propose a neotype from among them. During the course of a taxonomic study of the family Sciaenidae, 3 well‐preserved specimens in the collections of the Zoological Survey of India were recognized by us as the same species. They were collected by the junior author at Chinsura in the Hooghly estuary during September 1954. This discovery supports the decision of Trewavas and Talwar to use Hamilton's name and after consultation with Dr Trewavas we have decided to select one of these specimens as neotype ofBahaba chaptis(Hamilton

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-1112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY