ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To develop new vaccines for the treatment of patients with cancer, target antigens presented on tumor cell surfaces have been cloned. Many of these antigens are non-mutated differentiation antigens and are expressed by virtually all melanomas, making them attractive components for a widely efficacious melanoma vaccine. These antigens are also expressed by melanocytes, however, and are likely to be subject to immune tolerance. A central challenge for tumor immunologists has thus been the breaking of tolerance to cancer antigens. We review recent clinical trials using experimental cancer vaccines, including recent evidence that therapeutic vaccines can induce objective responses in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. We focus on the foundations of these approaches in new experimental animal models designed to test novel vaccines and report on what these new models predict for the future development of therapeutic vaccines for cancer.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The past decade has been marked by an explosion of knowledge regarding the dysregulation of cancer at the molecular level. It has become apparent that oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other ancillary molecules interact in complex pathways that govern cellular homeostasis. We review three molecular events that have been implicated in tumorigenesis and define pathways ripe for the development of new therapeutic approaches: 1) activation of telomerase, 2) dysregulation of the patched/sonic hedgehog pathway, and 3) mutation of theINK4α-ARFlocus.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Defects in the programmed cell death mechanisms can extend cell lifespan, contributing to neoplastic cell expansion independently of cell division. Deficiencies in apoptosis also contribute to carcinogenesis by creating a permissive environment for genetic instability and accumulation of gene mutations, permitting disobeyance of cell cycle checkpoints which would normally induce apoptosis, facilitating growth factor- and hormone-independent cell survival, supporting anchorage-independent survival during metastasis, reducing dependence on oxygen and nutrients, promoting resistance to immune-based destruction, and conferring resistance to cytotoxic anticancer drugs and radiation. Though much remains to be learned, identification of gene families that control the physiological cell death pathway has provided the basis for improved understanding of tumor biology. This review describes some of the recent progress made towards delineating the biochemistry and molecular biology of apoptosis control, and briefly summarizes the progress in identifying specific road blocks to apoptosis induction in cancers. These advances are beginning to reveal novel strategies for combating cancer by restoring apoptosis sensitivity.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Genome projects are providing vast amounts of sequence data. This raw material makes possible a completely new era of experimental approaches. Among these, DNA array technology, which allows one to assay thousands of unique nucleic acid samples simultaneously, will be important in genomic research, and the results of this research are likely to affect virtually every field of biology. DNA array technology is still in its infancy, but many have demonstrated its power by using it for such diverse applications as global monitoring of gene expression, mutation detection, and genetic mapping.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID