ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States and is, in fact, the leading cause of death among women aged 30 to 70 years. In addition to being a major public health problem, this disease also provides an excellent model for understanding many aspects of cancer biology and genetics. As molecular and cellular mechanisms are elucidated, it is hoped that these advances can be translated into progress in breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review we highlight some of the recent advances in breast cancer biology, with an emphasis on cancer genetics, mechanisms of invasion and metastasis, and drug resistance.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Genetic, environmental, and gene-environment interactions are discussed in relation to breast cancer etiology. A major advance in the study of inherited forms of breast cancer occurred with the identification of two genes,BRCAl andBRCA2, that may account for a majority of inherited forms of breast cancer cases. Hypotheses have been formulated concerning the importance of timing of exposures to environmental agents and a possible role of “xenogenetics” in relation to breast cancer risk. With respect to early detection, regular mammography screening for women aged 50 years and older is clearly associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer mortality, but mammography among women aged 40 to 49 remains controversial. Concerning chemoprevention, the risks and benefits of tamoxifen continue to be clarified, retinoids hold promise, and monoterpenes have emerged as a possible chemopreventive agent.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review of developments in breast cancer is targeted at two broad areas: 1) indicators of increased risk of sufficient magnitude to attain clinical significance (including precursors) and 2) indicators of good prognosis in invasive breast cancer. A specific and important group that appears in a somewhat intermediate position is the carcinomasin situ, particularly those of the ductal type. This area has attained great importance because of its continually increasing incidence in North America and elsewhere where mammography is used extensively. In addition to discussing in general the advancing subspeciation of these premalignant and low-malignant conditions, we also discuss advances in diagnostic techniques. This specifically relates to the great increase in the utilization of core needle biopsies under mammographic and ultrasonographic guidance.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An increasing number of early and minimally invasive breast cancers are being detected by mammography screening. The role of image-guided core biopsy in nonpalpable breast lesion evaluation is being defined, with issues of cost-effectiveness, diagnostic accuracy, and ability to direct definitive management remaining to be elucidated. The long-term efficacy of breast conservation therapy for early breast cancer continues to be confirmed. Review of special issues in breast conservation therapy demonstrates no benefit to eliminating adjunctive radiation therapy or to limiting therapy in the elderly patient with breast cancer. The distribution of cancer in the duct–lobular system indicates the potential for radical segmental extension. It also influences local recurrence following breast-conserving surgery. Sentinel lymph node dissection may supplant standard axillary dissection as a major prognostic determinant of metastatic disease. These areas of scientific investigation continue to define the role of surgery in early and minimally invasive breast cancer.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the past year, the literature on adjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer has focused on three main areas of interest. First, new information on biologic factors that might help in the determination of prognosis has been released but is still unlikely to have an impact on daily clinical practice. More important in this regard is the issuing by a consensus panel of practical recommendations for the treatment of node-negative breast cancer according to classic and well-validated prognostic and predictive factors. Second, new therapeutic strategies such as increasing the dose intensity of chemotherapy or incorporating new drugs into adjuvant regimens have been further explored. In addition, important new data regarding the optimal duration of tamoxifen administration in the adjuvant setting have been provided by a Swedish and a National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial. Lastly, increased attention has been given to the toxicity of systemic adjuvant therapy, and new considerations such as preservation of quality of life have been taken into account.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The management of metastatic breast cancer continues to provide enormous challenges. The taxanes have significant activity in patients with resistant disease, and combination regimens are being evaluated as first-line therapy. The combination of paclitaxel and doxorubicin appears to have substantial activity, but troublesome cardiac toxicity has been noted in a recently reported study. Docetaxel has been shown to be very active in initial phase II evaluation, notably in women with anthracycline-resistant disease. The controversy over highdose therapy continues, and its role in the management of metastatic breast cancer outside the confines of clinical trials remains unclear. The HER-2 protein appears to be a predictive factor for patients with metastatic disease. Antibody therapy directed at this target can produce responses in a proportion of patients. Bisphosphonates appear to be beneficial to patients with lytic bony metastases when administered in conjunction with cytotoxic or hormonal therapy.

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID