摘要:

The cavum septi pellucidi is formed when the two leaves of the septum pellucidum fail to fuse as the fetal brain matures. When observed at autopsy or by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is often considered clinically insignificant. Using MRI, this study evaluated the prevalence of cavum septi pellucidi in 445 pediatric patients and correlated the findings to the patients' functional level. A cavum septi pellucidi of 1.3 to 12.0 mm was observed in 64 (14%) of the patients. Of the children with cavum septi pellucidi, 12 (19%) were mentally retarded or severely developmentally delayed and 24 (38%) were less severely handicapped. In a random sample of 64 patients without cavum septi pellucidi from the original population, only 14 (22%) had any functional abnormality. The data suggest that cavum septi pellucidi is clinically significant as a marker for increased risk of disturbed brain function.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113115

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

High‐resolution Duplex scanning of the carotid artery was performed in 125 clinically asymptomatic and randomly chosenvolunteers to determine the prevalence and extent of atherosclerotic stenosis. The proband age ranged from 24 to 74 years(mean, 50 years). Abnormal ultrasound findings were noted in 37 subjects (30%). Of this group, 34 had minimal carotidplaques causing less than 20% reduction in artery diameter and 3 had moderate plaques causing 20 to 49% reduction indiameter. No hemodynamically significant obstructions were noted. Stepwise logistic regression using age and sex as covariatesidentified age (p = 0.0002) and fibrinogen level (p = 0.02) as the most powerful predictors for the presence of asymptomaticcarotid artery stenosis. The sonographic results of the asymptomatic group were compared with those in 200 patients(mean age, 55 years) who had acute ischemic stroke. Preliminary follow‐up results (mean follow‐up time, 26 months)in 38 probands of the asymptomatic group showed progression of the carotid stenosis in 13, which was associated with asignificantly lower level of high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113119

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The neuroimaging findings observed in a family with a previously reported syndrome of progressive ataxia, chorea, seizures, and dementia include an unusual combination: (1) bilateral basal ganglia calcification limited to the globus pallidus on brain computed tomography; (2) abnormal focal and diffuse areas of increased signal intensity in the cerebral white matter on brain magnetic resonance imaging; and (3) mild to moderate degrees of atrophy of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. These neuroimaging findings define further this new clinical entity.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113123

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of premature ventricular contractions on blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery was studied by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in 1 0 patients. Velocity during three ectopic beats for each patient was lower than that during the preceding and the following beat in every recording. The decrease in peak velocity was 30.7 ± 12.4% and 37.1 ± 13.3% (mean ± standard deviation) compared to the preceding and following beat, respectively. This variation was significantly larger (p<0.0001) than the spontaneous change observed during sinus rhythm, 2. 7 ± 2.2% in patients with premature ventricular contractions and 3.5 ± 3.2% in control subjects. Similar results were obtained for both mean and diastolic blood flow velocities. Systolic‐diastolic ratios were similar for premature ventricular contractions, beats preceding or following premature ventricular contractions, and sinus rhythm beats. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound appears to be an excellent technique for analyzing the effects of cardiac arrhythmias on the cerebral circulation.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113129

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rapid technological improvements have fostered the continued clinical development of intraoperative neurosonology. despite the fact that no suitable contrast media have been available for ultrasound studies. Because they can be made of uniform size (99% are less than 4.5 µm in diameter) and are thought to cross disruptions in the tumor vessels, artificial lipid‐coated microbubbles can fill this gap. Furthermore, these microbubbles are stable in vitro for at least 6 months, with an in vivo half‐life of 20 hours or more. This study demonstrated that lipid‐coated microbubbles injected intravascularly can intensify echoes from rat brain gliomas. Specifically, when this standardized microbubble contrast agent was injected intravenously daily in rats, the time to visual ultrasonic detection of developing brain tumors (C‐6 gliomas) was 4.09 days (n = 11) after tumor inoculation, versus 6.67 days (n = 9) to detection without microbubble injection (Z= −3.71,p= 0.0004).

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113134

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 47‐year‐old man developed a rare, progressive, fatal nervous system disorder of 18 months' duration characterized by ophthalmoplegia, dementia, and hypersomnia. The imaging studies not only corroborated the anatomical site of involvement suggested by the clinical features, but were also characteristic for this rare disease. Dr Donald Gilden discusses the differential diagnosis and Dr Bette Kleinschmidt‐DeMasters describes the pathological lesions.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113140

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 3 patients after cryothalamotomy, one of whom had bilateral cryothalamotomies. The time between surgery and MRI ranged from 23 days to 6.5 months. Images made 3 to 4 weeks after surgery showed a lesion of high signal intensity on both T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted images, and an additional central area of low signal intensity on T1‐weighted images. Images obtained at 2, 4, and 6.5 months after surgery showed smaller lesions with low signal intensity on T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted images, a pattern consistent with resolving hematoma after cryothalamotomy.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113146

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Compression of the cervical spinal cord may lead to necrosis, which can manifest itself as the so‐called snake eyes appearance on computed tomography‐myelography. As demonstrated by the case presented here, similar findings can be obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. We can expect this to become a more common finding, not only because the use of magnetic resonance imaging has become more widespread, but also because of the noninvasive nature of this modality, in contrast to computed tomography‐myelography.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113149

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Congenital heart disease occurs in 8 of 1,000 live births, with ventricular septal defects comprising 30% of these. Although many are now corrected surgically in infancy or childhood, persisting septal defects in adulthood increase the risk of congestive heart failure. irreversible pulmonary hypertension with resulting Eisenmenger's physiology, infective endocarditis, aortic insufficiency, systemic abscesses, and polycythemia. The acute onset of fever and meningeal signs in a 38‐year‐old man led to the discovery of a pyogenic thalamic brain abscess associated with a large ventricular septal defect and a tricuspid vegetation. To date, only 19 similar solitary pyogenic thalamic abscesses have been reported, and 5 were associated with ventricular septal defects.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113151

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199113154

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY