摘要:

With positron emission tomography (PET), cerebral glucose metabolism was studied in 5 patients with familial inverted chorea, a progressive choreiform disease with no dementia, and in age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. Computed tomography scans excluded cortical or striatal atrophy. PET scans showed no group differences in striatal glucose metabolism. However, when a discriminant analysis method was applied to the PET metabolic data, a discriminant function, reflecting functional interactions involving the striatum, successfully distinguished the patients from the control subjects. These results indicate striatal involvement in the pathophysiology of familial inverted chorea, and emphasize the importance of alternative methods of analyzing regional PET data.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333151

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although serial transcranial Doppler measurements of blood flow velocity are of considerable clinical utility, their use assumes that the velocity signals are stable and unchanging during short time periods. Contrary to this assumption, the authors found significant variations in mean velocity signals in both normal subjects and patients, which may confound the interpretation of serial studies. Signals were continuously obtained for 5 to 1 0 minutes from the middle cerebral artery of 11 normal subjects and 18 patients (22 studies) with a variety of neurosurgical disorders. The average difference between the peak and the trough in the waves observed in the normal population was 11 ± 4% (standard error of mean), and 5 of the 11 had at least one wave with a difference of more than 20%. The average difference between the peak and trough signals in the neurosurgical population was 14 ± 13% (SEM) and 13 of the 22 studies showed at least one wave with a difference of more than 20%. These variations were consistently seen and may be related to similar variations in blood pressure or intracranial pressure waves. Whatever the origin, these variations should be recognized during the interpretation of transcranial Doppler signals in clinical practice.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333160

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the efficacy of systemic lymphoblastoid interferon therapy in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. The clinical outcome of this trial has been reported previously. Thirty‐six patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis were treated with interferon daily for 6 months and 27 received placebo. Patients had MRI at the outset of the study and after 6 and 24 months. Lesion activity and changes in lesion load were determined. As the study progressed, both the interferon‐ and the placebo‐treated group developed more active lesions. There was no difference in lesion activity between the two groups. Comparison of lesion load, however, showed a trend toward improvement after 6 months for the interferon‐treated group. This difference between the two groups had disappeared by the end of the study. We conclude that lymphoblastoid interferon was not effective in decreasing active MRI‐detected lesions or in decreasing MRI lesion load in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333163

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 42 ± 14 yr) with multiple sclerosis were studied to define a possible relation between cognitive decline and pathology seen on magnetic resonance images (MRis). In all, a battery of psychometric tests and MRis were conducted. MRI results were classified according to cerebral lesions and different ventricle indexes. A rating scale graded the severity of cerebral lesions. MRI and psychometric data from the patients were compared with the results of an age‐ and sex‐matched control group. The results suggest that evidence of cognitive decline shows a stronger relation to substance loss, defined by ventricle indexes, than to the lesion score.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333169

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Of 500 consecutive unselected patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 20 (12 females, 8 males; mean age, 41 yr) were found to have empty sella. The clinical and imaging findings were compared to those in 20 normal adult control subjects, and 20 patients of comparable age and sex from the group of 500 consecutive patients. Variations in the pituitary infundibulum, the optic chiasm, and the sellar floor did not correlate to symptoms. Little difference in clinical symptomatology between patients with empty sella and control subjects was found. It is concluded that empty sella is often an insignificant finding in adults.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333173

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cerebral and spinal column computed tomography (CT) was performed in 53 patients wounded during war in the Republic of Croatia from June through December 1992. Of these, 36 (67%) suffered craniocerebral injuries; 10 (18%) sustained facial, neck, and paranasal sinus wounds; and 7 (13%) had vertebral andjor paravertebral lesions. Twenty‐five (70%) of the patients with craniocerebral injuries had penetrating wounds with diffuse and multiple, predominantly hemorrhagic lesions of cortical and subcortical structures, with basal ganglia lesions in 15 (43%) and brainstem lesions in 6 (20%). Of the 7 vertebral studies. 4 showed paravertebral tissue damage to the spinal column and cord.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333178

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Unsteady gait with frequent falls and urinary incontinence appeared over a period of a few days in a 6‐year‐old girl with a long history of backache. A large posterior epidural mass involved the lower thoracic vertebral canal and extended over several vertebral levels, suggesting a diagnosis of epidural hemorrhage with spinal cord compression. Examination of a surgical specimen led to a different diagnosis.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333184

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333189

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A project to pursue standardization of the performance and interpretation of transcranial Doppler studies was designed. Phase I consisted of a national survey of the current practice of transcranial Doppler in the United States. From 200 ultrasound laboratories surveyed about the use of transcranial Doppler, 60 completed questionnaires were returned. The results show that further standardization of transcranial Doppler performance and interpretation is necessary, and provide the foundation for phases II and III of the project.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333190

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium diethylenediaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) detected a small enhancing lesion along the tentorial course of the fourth cranial nerve in each of 2 patients who had diplopia for longer than 6 months caused by paresis of the superior oblique muscle. Because of the small size and inaccessibility of the tumors, histopathological diagnosis has not been made. The appearance of similar lesions along other cranial nerves in previously reported patients, particularly the eighth nerve, and the discovery of similar lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis, argue that these lesions in the 2 patients are most likely nerve sheath tumors, the smallest yet detected by clinical diagnostic methods. To identify this and other causes of "idiopathic" cranial neuropathy, it is recommended that Gd‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI be part of a thorough evaluation of patients with chronic cranial neuropathy causing diplopia.

ISSN:1051-2284    

DOI:10.1111/jon199333193

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY