摘要:

AbstractThe mission of this study was to determine whether or not arteriovenous connections, indicative of a “closed” type of circulation, existed in the human spleen. Spleens from four patients requiring therapeutic splenectomy were the basis for this report. Scanning electron microscopy of plastic corrosion casts, prepared from these four spleens, revealed direct vascular conduits between splenic pulp arteries or arterial capillaries and the venous sinuses in the red pulp. Also demonstrated were a few arteriovenous shunts between pulp arteries or arterial capillaries and pulp or trabecular veins. Inclusion of sized microspheres in low‐viscosity perfusion plastic illustrated that some diameters of the connecting shunts were 7‐10 μm, with other shunts even smaller. Not only do arteriovenous connections exist in human spleens, but their frequency, as revealed by methods accentuating three‐dimensional aspects of the splenic microcirculation, justify future reconsiderations of the functional significance of this closed type of circulation.Examination of samples of the same intact spleens, prepared by freeze‐fracture and conventional critical‐point drying, also revealed an “open” type circulation structure, namely, pore‐patterned sinus walls that could facilitate blood cell movement from pulp cords into venous sinuses. Scanning electron microscopy thus has provided direct evidence that human spleens have both “open” and “closed” circulatory pathwa

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830010112

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis is a report of a patient with Hodgkin's disease who underwent a staging splenectomy and extensive radiation therapy and then developed “idiopathic” thrombocytopenic purpura. This appears to be the second known instance of such a combination of events. The patient was in complete remission of his Hodgkin's disease from radiation therapy at the time and continues in remission 56 mo since completing therapy. There was a complete and, apparently, permanent response of the thrombocytopenic purpura to a course of corticosteroid ther

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830010113

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbout 5‐10 years ago it became popular to say that we understood the genetic and molecular basis for sickle cell anemia better than for any other disease and yet had no effective treatment. It was correctly pointed out that very little money was being spent at that time on sickle cell research relative to diseases of equal frequency which occur primarily in whites. The implication was that this contemporary financial and scientific neglect of the disease was a major reason for the lack of an adequate therapeutic approach. In the succeeding years a significant incremental amount of money was spent on sickle cell research, yet we still have no widely accepted antisickling* agent to offer sickle cell anemia patients. Sickle cell anemia has proven to be a formidable foe. These days, I hear molecular biologists frequently saying that if we could simply better understand the molecular mechanisms of sickle hemoglobin polymerization, we could surely design a drug which would be effective in preventing that process and would then have a therapy to offer patients. If the implication is that we should make our strongest efforts in the direction of hemoglobin polymerization and antipolymerization studies, I tend to disagree. A recent new insight offers hope for a different approach to the disease, one involving the red cell membrane, which I will briefly review. But first I wish to briefly review recent efforts at therapy and deal with some thoughts on why the frontal assault on sickle hemoglobin itself has not worked and probably will not work, at least for the near future.Following the hypothesis of Murayama (1, 2) that polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin‐S molecules occurs because of hydrophobic bonding between molecules, Nalbandian et al. (3–5) began a search for agents which might interfere with this type of aggregation. They came up with urea and were able to show that urea inhibited and even reversed this area are in their infancy and need to be strongly pursued. Such a course, coupled with vigorous exploration of new insights into some of the complications of sickle cell anemia, may yet turn the tide in the not too distant future against this crippling di

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830010114

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDiagnostic and screening methods for beta‐thalassemia trait are reviewed in the order of their development, including identification by homozygous offspring, erythrocyte morphology, osmotic fragility, hemoglobin composition, globin synthetic rates, and red blood cell indice

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830010115

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830010101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY