摘要:

AbstractA pair of identical twins was evaluated for menometrorrhagia and mild post‐operative bleeding. Each had a slightly prolonged partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Full hemostatic evaluation was normal, except that plasma prothrombin activity was 23% and 25% of normal with a Russell's viper venom assay. Each twin had 70% of normal plasma prothrombin antigen. Prothrombin kinetic data were obtained before and during hysterectomy. In these twins, infused prothrombin (Konyne®) was found to have a volume of distribution of approximately one and one‐half times the plasma volume and a half‐life of 34 hours. The previously reported dysprothrombins are briefly reviewed. Prothrombin Gainesville is the twelfth such disorder re

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReactive oxygen species, probably hydroxyl radicals (OH·), have been suggested to be generated during arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and, once released, these species can modify the rate and extent of various reactions involved in AA metabolism. We have studied this phenomenon in washed human platelets. OH· generation was quantitated using14C‐benzoic acid as a specific trap in a continuous ionization chamber system. Resting platelets did not produce any detectable signal, whereas addition of AA resulted in gradual OH· production with peak values detected at approximately 20 min. Similar studies conducted under nitrogen or after boiling the platelets almost abolished OH· generation. Aspirin had no significant effect, whereas 5,8,11,14‐eicosatetraynoic acid decreased the signal by>90%, thus suggesting that OH· is produced primarily through the lipoxygenase pathway. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase had no effect and, as expected, phenol and mannitol decreased OH· production considerably, by>50% and 90%, respectively. Azide and cyanide also reduced the OH· generation by about two‐thirds. We conclude that OH· is generated during AA metabolism by human platelets. It is primarily produced via the lipoxygenase pathway and may require a heme‐dependent peroxidase. This highly reactive oxidant may play an important role in normal and abno

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCats with the Chediak‐Higashi (CH) syndrome have abnormal hemostasis with prolonged bleeding times and normal coagulation times. Platelet aggregation induced by serotonin, ADP, and collagen was impaired. Platelets from normal and CH cats were incubated with14C‐adenine and then gel‐filtered. Gel‐filtered platelets (GFP) from CH cats contained 63% of the ATP, 38% of the ADP, 100% of the Ca2+, and 75% of the Mg25of normal platelets. Serotonin could not be detected in CH platelets. Acid hydrolase and total platelet protein of CH platelets was similar to normal platelets. Gel‐filtered platelets were treated with thrombin to induce maximal secretion. Secretion of ATP, Ca2+, and Mg2+was 1.9%, 12.4%, and 16% respectively of normal platelets. ADP secretion by CH platelets was not detectable. The ATP/ADP ratio in the14C‐labeled metabolic pool of normal platelets was similar to that of total measured nucleotide pool of CH platelets. These findings suggest that in feline CH platelets, as in platelets from CH mink and cattle, there is storage pool deficiency that is virtually complete, and the virtual absence of ADP and 5HT may in part account for the abnormal hemostasis.Aggregation of platelets from CH cats was impaired, but these platelets did aggregate to arachidonate, serotonin‐induced biphasic aggregation, and the aggregation response to ADP and collagen varied according to the amount of serotonin‐induced TxB2formed. These findings support a major role for arachidonate in plat

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifteen recently diagnosed patients with acute leukemias admitted for induction chemotherapy were selected for study. When thrombocytopenic (venous platelet count<20 × 109/1) these patients received prophylactic platelet transfusions. A total of 67 platelet transfusion therapies were administered and evaluated. Using the Raji cell radioimmunoassay, the serum concentrations of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured immediately before and 10–12 hr after each platelet transfusion. In 36 instances, elevated values of CIC were present in the recipient's pretransfusion samples, the corresponding posttrans‐fusion values being significantly lower (P<0.05). Furthermore, in those 36 instances the mean percentage for the posttransfusion platelet increment was significantly lower (P<0.001) than in the remaining 31 instances in which normal pretransfusion values of CIC were measured. We conclude that CIC were an important factor in rapidly removing transfused platelets from the circulation, thereby, adversely affecting the benefit of platelet transfus

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMorphological and biochemical differences were demonstrated between prolymphocytic leukemia cells obtained from the spleen and peripheral blood of one patient. Peripheral blood prolymphocytes had consistently smaller nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratios than did splenic prolymphocytes. Percoll gradient‐purified prolymphocytes from the spleen synthesized abundant amounts of some membrane proteins which were hardly expressed by peripheral blood prolymphocytes. Peripheral blood prolymphocytes did not change their expression of membrane proteins during three days in culture. These findings are consistent with the view that prolymphocytic leukemia cells from the spleen exist, on the average, at an earlier stage of differentiation than do circulating leukemic cells, and that peripheral blood leukemic cells are frozen at a specific phase of differentiat

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the capacity of the human spleen to function as a hematopoietic organ, spleen mononuclear cells from patients undergoing splenectomy were cultured to assay CFU‐E, BFU‐E, and CFU‐C. Although the peripheral blood from cases of hereditary spherocytosis, Gaucher disease, Thalassemia major, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura yielded 3–20 BFU‐E/5 × 105cells plated and 1–7 CFU‐C/5 × 105, suspensions of spleen cells failed to grow colonies. Histologically these spleens did not show extramedullary hematopoiesis. In contrast, peripheral blood from a patient with osteopetrosis (marble bone disease) yielded 130 BFU‐E/5 × 105, 40 CFU‐E/5 × 105, and 9 CFU‐C/5 × 105. The spleen had extensive extramedullary hematopoiesis on microscopy and grew 180 BFU‐E/105, 210 CFU‐E/105, and 25 CFU‐C/105. We conclude that spleens from patients without extramedullary hematopoiesis do not contain committed hematopoietic progenitors in spite of normal precursors in the blood. In osteopetrosis the spleen contained stem cells in a concentration comparable to bone marrow, and the embryonic role of the spleen in blood formation appeared

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwelve patients receiving heparin during hemodialysis had coagulation parameters monitored using the whole blood clotting time (WBCT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma heparin levels and activated whole blood clotting time (AWBCT). The AWBCT, performed with a battery‐powered portable incubator/timer, correlated with both the corresponding WBCT and the plasma heparin levels. However, the correlation between the AWBCT and the APTT was quite poor. This assay is simply performed, inexpensive, and reproducible. It is recommended as an excellent method for monitoring heparin therap

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs calcium has increasingly been the object of study in erythrocyte physiology, we reviewed the current methodologies for determination of calcium by atomic absorption spectrometry. The published normal values for erythrocyte calcium vary from 5 to 500 μmol/liter of packed cells. A method based on Harrison and Long's determination of calcium is presented and shows normal red cell calcium concentration to be 0.0149 ± 0.0023 μmol/ml of packed red cells. The influence of temperature and type of crucible used in ashing red cells is assessed. The method of additions is employed to corroborate our resul

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn some cases, bone marrow aplasia has been thought to result from immunologic abnormalities. Our patient had severe transfusion‐dependent aplastic anemia, which responded to treatment with prednisone on two occasions. The exacerbations of aplastic anemia were associated with lymphocytic proliferation which on one occasion had the characteristics of T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Though he had had mild lymphoproliferation for a number of years, he ultimately died with progressive diffuse lymphoid infiltration of the bone marrow and other organs. The simultaneous occurrence of the T‐cell lymphoproliferation and aplastic anemia and their simultaneous response to therapy suggests that this may be a clinical example of T‐lymphocyte mediated suppression of erythro

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA patient with primary splenic hairy cell leukemia is reported. This patient presented with massive splenomegaly and pancytopenia due to hypersplenism. Exploratory laparotomy failed to demonstrate any disease outside the spleen and splenic hilar lymph nodes. Splenectomy was the only form of treatment. During the following 21 years, no recurrent hairy cell leukemia has been found. This case allows speculation that hairy cell leukemia may originate in the spleen and that prolonged survivial or cure of the disease after Splenectomy alone may be due to removal of stem cells in the spleen.

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830110311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY