摘要:

AbstractSome properties of a monoclonal antibody generated against the fibrinogen component of a factor VIII preparation were investigated. The antibody bound with equal affinity in solid phase radioimmunoassays to fibrinogens isolated from both normal patients and patients with von Willebrand disease. It reacted in a sensitive immunoassay of plasma fibrinogen. The specificity of the antibody was confined to the parent molecule with no significant inhibition of fibrinogen binding by the fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) X, Y, D, or E. The antibody had no significant effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time of normal plasma. However, it prolonged the thrombin time as determined by the Clauss chronometric fibrinogen method. During fibrinogen lysis by plasmin immunoreactivity of fibrinogen to the antibody was lost at the same rate as the clottable fibrinogen content determined by the Clauss assay. The lack of reactivity of the antibody with FDPs makes it a suitable reagent for investigating plasmin activity as well as studying fibrinogen and fibrin. These findings suggest that the epitope of the antibody lies within the polar protruberance of the carboxy terminal end of the Aα chain of fibrinogen and is destroyed by plasmin cleavage

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTiclopidine, a platelet antiaggregant, has shown some efficacity in a clinical trial in patients with sickle cell disease. We have studied this agent in vitro to evaluate its effects on sickle erythrocyte. Ticlopidine effects sickling in vitro not by direct interaction with hemoglobin, but via strong binding to the red cell membrane. The density of the whole cell population is decreased when cells are treated with 0.1 mM ticlopidine, which is higher than the concentrations of 1 μM potentially achievable in vivo. Since hemoglobin concentration influences the delay time for gelling, its decrease in the red cell could have a beneficial effect. Such a partial inhibition of the polymerization is shown by oxygen equilibrium studies at various ionic strengths

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe erythrocytes of 90 pregnant women were evaluated for the presence of in vivo or in vitro oxidant damage. The reduced glutathione (P<0.005) and the membrane reduced sulfhydryl (P<0.001) concentrations were decreased in fresh erythrocytes. Following incubation with acetylphenylhydrazine, Heinz body formation was significantly increased (P<0.001). Both the increase in Heinz body formation and the reduction in membrane reduced sulfhydryl content correlated strongly with duration of pregnancy. Glucose consumption was significantly decreased before, but not after, new methylene blue stimulation. Pentose phosphate shunt activity was impaired both before (P<0.05) and after (P<0.001) stimulation. No changes were observed in pentose phosphate recycling. The only alteration observed in the activity of the enzymes of the pentose shunt was an elevation of 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity. Although the clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined, medications with an oxidant potential should be used judiciously during gestatio

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe human promyelocytic cell lines HL‐60 can be induced to undergo differentiation to either granulocyte‐ or macrophagelike cells. We followed the changes in the synthesis and content of ferritin in this and other cell lines during differentiation. Ferritin content of HL‐60 cells ranged from 11 to 81 fg/cell, depending on the clone tested. Following exposure to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid (RA) an increase in ferritin and a decrease in total protein synthesis was observed, resulting in increased ferritin content, reaching a peak after 2 days. This increase occurred prior to the appearance of the typical morphological and functional characteristics of mature granulocytes. A correlation was found between concentrations of DMSO effective in inducing differentiation and the increase in ferritin content. Other inducers of granulocyte differentiation had a similar effect, while 12‐0‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), an inducer of macrophage differentiation, had not. Another human cell line (U‐937), which was induced into monocytelike cells by RA, showed a twofold increase in ferritin content following differentiation. Addition of iron to the culture medium increased ferritin content of both differentiating and nondifferentiating cells, but the former responded to lower concentrations of iron. The increase in ferritin during differentiation, however, was not related to an accelerated iron uptake. The present results suggest that changes in the intracellular ferritin of the developing myeloid cells may play a regulating role in the process of maturation

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBone marrow karyotypes were performed in 88 cases of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) at diagnosis and classified NN (normal), AA (abnormal), and AN (mixture of normal and abnormal metaphases). A clear relationship was found between karyotype and complete remission (CR) rate: 58% CR in (NN + AN) cases; 14% CR in AA cases (P<.009). This relationship was even stronger when only patients under 60 years of age were studied. Considering failures of induction treatment, no relationship was found between the NN/AN/AA classification and a drug resistance. In patients over 60, the worse prognosis could be explained by an inferior ability to tolerate intensive treatment.

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLeukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) is a granulocyte enzyme whose level of expression is markedly altered in various disease states. We have characterized LAP from normal cells and leukemic cells with a high level of LAP activity in order to determine whether increased enzyme levels are caused by increased levels of the same enzyme or induction of a different alkaline phosphatase.Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase was purified from normal granulocytes and from leukemic cells of a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in blast phase with an elevated LAP level. LAP was partially purified utilizing diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)‐cellulose ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative electrophoresis.The sample prepared from normal granulocytes contained a single protein with LAP activity having a molecular weight of 61,000 as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. The sample from the CGL blast‐phase cells, however, demonstrated two proteins with alkaline phosphatase activity, one with a molecular weight of 61,000 (LAPs) and one with a molecular weight of 45,000 (LAPf). Differential heat inactivation and distinct isoelectric points of the two isozymes suggest that they are different proteins.We interpret our data to suggest two closely related LAP alleles whose expression is controlled independently. This may represent either genetic heterogeneity or induction of “tumor marker” gene exp

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe absolute granulocyte count (AGC) in 125 blood samples from patients with total white blood cell counts of less than 1,000/μl was estimated using three different methods, which were then compared for efficiency and accuracy. The three methods were 25 cell differential counts using Wright's‐stained blood smears, granulocyte percentage estimates from WBC counting chambers, and combined narrow‐ and wide‐angle light‐scatter characteristics determined on a flow cytometer. A survey of clinical laboratories at University Hospital Cancer Centers revealed that the smear differential was the most‐often‐used method in those laboratories even when less than 25 cells could be counted. Consequently the data obtained from the counting chamber and flow cytometer methods were compared to the smear differential “standard” using linear regression, and outliers were identified. There was good correlation between AGC determined by smear differential and WBC counting chamber (correlation coefficient .911) and excellent correlation between the AGC determined by smear differential and the flow cytometer method (correlation coefficient .970). The flow cytometer method used in this investigation required minimal specimen preparation, and test results were available at a rate of 60 seconds/sample. The ease of sample preparation, speed, and statistical reliability of test results makes the flow cytometer an attractive alternate method of determining granulocyte counts on leukopenic patients as compared to the stained blood sm

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been reported that botrocetin, a Bothrops venom factor, induces platelet aggregation dependent on von Willebrand factor (vWF), and that platelet aggregation induced by Polybrene, a synthetic polycation, is enhanced by vWF. This report describes the platelet aggregability on stimulation with botrocetin and Polybrene in four patients with platelet‐type von Willebrand disease (vWD) who showed increased platelet aggregation with low concentrations of ristocetin as the result of a platelet abnormality. Enhanced platelet aggregability with botrocetin was observed in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) from the patients. Platelet aggregation induced by botrocetin in a mixture of normal washed platelets and patient plasma was either decreased or normal, being dependent on the amount of plasma vWF. In contrast with ristocetin and botrocetin, Polybrene did not cause increased aggregation of patient PRP. Polybrene aggregated normal washed platelets less extensively in the presence of patient plasma than normal plasma. These studies demonstrated that botrocetin induced heightened interaction between platelets and vWF, but Polybrene did not, in platelet‐type vWD, and that the enhanced responsiveness of patient platelets to botrocetin is related to an intrinsic platelet abnorm

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐three patients with chronic‐phase CML have been treated with intermittent courses of busulfan to determine if the duration of unmaintained remission becomes progressively shorter with successive courses of therapy and to determine whether there was a relationship between cluster and colony formation, suicide index of CFUc, labeling index, percentage of cells in S‐phase (as determined by cytofluoro‐graphic DNA histogram analysis), in vitro sensitivity of the CFUc to busulfan, and response to busulfan therapy. Serial studies in individual patients and the group as a whole revealed no relationship between changes in the cellular parameters described above and response to busulfan. The white blood cell (WBC) doubling time with serial courses of busulfan in individual patients did not always progressively decrease as has been previously reported. In vitro studies of CFUc in chronic‐phase CML appear to be of no value in predicting response to

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA patient is described who had blastic transformation of Ph1negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (Ph1– CML). Characterization of the leukemic cells revealed a population with a lymphoid stem cell phenotype (cALL–, TdT +, Ia+, cIgM –). This particular phenotype may be responsible for the refractoriness to vincristine and prednisone and the rapid downhill c

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830180211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY