摘要:

A summary of the spectral characteristics of the LANDSAT-4 and LANDSAT-5 Thematic Mapper instruments, the protoflight (TM/PF) and flight (TM/F) models, respectively, is presented. Data collected by the Hughes/Santa Barbara Research Center on the instruments and their components to determine compliance with the spectral coverage and spectral matching specifications served as the basis for the characterization. Compliance with the spectral coverage specifications (e.g. band locations) was determined by deriving band-by-band relative spectral response (RSR) curves from spectral measurements on the individual components contributing to the overall spectral response: filters, detectors and optical surfaces. The integrated system RSRs were not measured. The derived RSRs for the reflective bands were similar between TM/PF and the TM/F. The bandpasses between 50 per cent RSR points varied by only 2nm at most between the sensors and were: band 1, 452-518 nm; band 2, 528-609 nm; band 3, 625-693 nm; band 4, 776-904 nm; band 5, 1568-1784 nm and band 7, 2097-2348 nm. The upper-band edge of band 5 was outside the desired and specified range of 1750 ±20 nm; this implies that there will be more contribution from variable atmospheric water vapour absorption. In the emissive thermal band 6, the TM/PF and TM/F showed fundamentally different spectral responses. Though the lower band edges were both at approximately 104/mi, the TM/PF upper-band edge was detector limited at a temperature-dependent value of about 11·7μm, whereas the TM/F upper-band edge was filter limited at 12·4μm. Despite the TM/PF's band 6 narrow bandwidth, its radiometric performance exceeded requirements, so the band's narrowness was not a serious concern. Spectral matching measures the spectral differences between channels within a band by calibrating them all with one source and comparing their outputs to a spectrally different source. Satisfactory TM/PF spectral matching data were never obtained. TM/F channels were shown to have comparable or better spectral matching than past and existing MSS sensors.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948492

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The techniques of pattern recognition can provide unique information on cloud structures for cloud climatology programmes. We present a flexible automatic method for segmentation of meteorological satellite data using a multidimensional clustering procedure. The algorithm developed is described, together with its application to cloud data from the METEOSAT-1 satellite. If the data are transformed prior to segmentation by use of the Principal Components Transformation, the results compare favourably with those of alternative methods.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948493

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A systemtic underestimation of remotely sensed sea surface temperature occurs in calculations which assume a value of the surface emittance equal to unity in the atmospheric window, where the measurements are taken. The paper includes a detailed examination of the effect on the sea surface temperature estimation caused by assuming a wrong value of the emittance. Results show that this effect is a function of the atmospheric transmittance and the surface temperature. The angular dependence and the influence of the sea state on this effect are also investigated

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948494

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Occasionally a Stefan-Boltzmann-type relation has been suggested for estimating surface temperatures Tsfrom the knowledge of surface brightness temperature TBand emittance ϵ. Such a relation introduces errors in 7^ which are illustrated in this paper. Also, if TBand e are known then an exact expression is available for calculating the surface temperature Ts

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948495

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Upwelling radiance and downwelling irradiance measurements were made at 0-65 nm intervals in the 400-700 nm spectral range from an aircraft flown at an altitude of 150m around 07.30, 10.06 and 11.07hours GMT. Each time the location was different and at each location the measurements were repeated three times. The NIMBUS-7 satellite overpass was at 10.04 hours GMT.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948496

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Identifying ocean-dumped materials by analysing the upwelled solar energy from the plume is complicated by the dispersion of the plume and the spectral absorption of the water. It is shown that the spectral analysis of ocean-dump plumes, using LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) data, should be confined to the brightest area within the plume, the region where the waste material is least dispersed and nearest the surface. The decay of the upwelled radiance with time of the brightest pixel within the plume, at least for iron acid waste, is predictable. An accurate age determination of an acid plume is limited by striping within the MSS data

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948497

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The information content of spectral radiance measurements is an important, but also critical, point for remote-sensing applications. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that the potential of indirect measurements can be studied with an eigenvalue analysis and a multivariate significance test.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948498

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Reflectance factors of a rough ocean surface with and without foam are presented. They are calculated from the Cox-Munk model for an ocean without foam. The isotropic reflectance of oceanic foam is added as function of the wind speed. The effective reflectance of foam patches is taken into account

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948499

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Remote-sensing techniques are of great importance in Indonesia due to the inavailability of appropriate data for planning the country's development. Conventional methods for data acquisition would be too costly and time consuming due to the sheer size of its territory consisting of 13677 islands, most of which are of poor accessibility. Education and training are prerequisites in this field and they are discussed in this note, which describes both degree and non-degree programmes on remote-sensing education and training carried out in the Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948501

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During May 1984 the author visited six remote-sensing centres in Beijing, China, and found a deep commitment to remote sensing in each one. Although LANDSAT interpretation is dominated by I2S hardware, there is also a very active concern with airborne systems, basic research into spectral signatures, and above all the utility of remote sensing in the economic development of the Republic of China. Some of the best work in this field has been produced by simple methods of photographic processing. The commitment of all those involved is total and they are well supported by hardware

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431168508948502

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor