摘要:

During and after the Gulf Conflict. DLR's,German Remote,Sensing Data Center (DFD) continuousry acquired NOAA-11 passes over the GunRegion showing smoke plume phenomena and surface conlamination effects both in desert and vegetated areas. The position of the receiving station in Oberpfaffenhofen, near Munich, meant that restrictions concerning the data's temporal and spatial resolution had to be accepted. Qualitative information regarding spatial distribution, height, thickness and some dynamic aspects of the smoke plumes were able to be derived. In addition to ihis, the investigation of satellite imagery during April, May, and June proved that large vegetated areas in the southern Mesopotamian region are obviously affected by the fall-out. As the affected region belongs to the most important agricultural areas in Iraq, a fundamental lack of food supply must be expected.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904115

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reviews and illustrates the use of satellite remote sensing in urban analysis. Using the example of conventional population census data used together with SPOT imagery for Strasbourg, France, it is shown that landscape quality can be characterized and mapped with a detail that is not possible using the census alone.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904116

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The dependence of spectral diffuse reflectance coefficients on the phenology of tree stands, observation and illumination conditions, ratio of scattered and total radiation was studied on a special testing ground by an automated system. The experimental dependences obtained for high density stands are satisfactorily described on the basis of the turbid layer theory (Ross-Nilson-Kuusk model)

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904117

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A GER IRIS field spectrometer has been employed in a laboratory setting to measure the spectral reflectance of multiple layers (1, 2, 3, and 4) of French bean leaves overlayed on three soil backgrounds (peat, sand and loam), each in either a dry or wet (watered to field capacity) condition. Spectral reflectance data for the dry sand and dry peat backgrounds and for both sides of the single bean leaf, over these two backgrounds, were used with a simple model to derive the basic leaf optical properties: the diffuse transmittance and front and back reflectance spectra. These basic leaf optical spectra were then used to simulate the effect of leaf layering over the six background soils at 100 nm intervals between 450 nm and 2450 nm. Reflectance differences over the entire spectrum between the simulated and measured spectra were consistently less than 3 per cent for the six background soils used, with leaf to leaf variability thought to play the major role in the observed variability. These results suggest that representative leaf and soil background reflectance data collected with field-type spectrometers can be used to model spectral trends expected in typical field crops over a wide range of spectral backgrounds and percentage cover. For example, such data for a particular agricultural setting may be used to explore suitable spectral indicates to minimize the dependence of dcrived-LAI on soil background as well as obtain the leaf diffuse spectral reflectance and transmission functions for the crop of interest, which are the link to physical properties such as pigment concentration and leaf moisture content.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904118

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Soil survey provides information on soils, their spatial distribution and their areal extent for proper land use planning and agro-technology transfer. Remote sensing has emerged as a potential modern tool which can be utilised as a cost eiTective means of small-scale soil mapping. In the present study, different soilscape units (physiography-cum-soil association units) were identified following a supervised classification based on a maximum likelihood classifier using IRS (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) 1A-LISS-II digital data. Six soilscape units, namely hills, valleys, moderate and severe eroded piedmonts, alluvial plain and river terraces were identified and delineated digitally. The overall classification accuracy of the digital soil map is 92 per cent. Major soils (subgroup levels) encountered in various soilscape units are-Typic/Lithic Ustorthents; Typic/Udic Ustochrepts; Typic Haplustalfs; Typic Ustipsamments and Typic Ustifluvents.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904119

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of chirp phase errors are discussed in terms of their effect on the altimeter return. Firstly we describe previous methods of analysis in the context of the required height precision of the altimeter, and show that the Taylor series represents a more exact approach to modelling such errors. The effect on the measured height of each of the coefficients is ascertained and a simple proof shows that the contributions to the height error from each coefficient merely add. Finally, a critical assessment of the effects of these errors is undertaken.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904120

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A method for extracting the ocean surface wind vector from the forthcoming ERS-1 Scatterometer has been presented. The simulated ERS-I scatterometer data has been used in the present analysis. The ambiguities in the retrieval of wind directions have been removed by using a median filler. The extraction of wind field has been evaluated in terms of percentage skill in identifying the actual wind field (within +20°in direction) used for simulating the scatterometer data. The skill has been determined for various noisy data sets simulated from different wind fields. It has been found after filtering the ambiguities that the percentage improvement over the average instrument skill is 52 per cent. The dynamic range of instrument skill has been improved from "57–67 per cent to as84−99 per cent, for the data sets used in the study, after filtration. The synoptic wind direction patterns have been successfully recovered despite the variability in the skill after filtering the ambiguities.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904121

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Field measurements of non-linear characteristics, related to the dual-frequency technique applied to the ocean surface, were carried out in the North Sea. The data observations were made with a CW multi-frequency C-band radar onboard the offshore research platform ‘Forschungsplattform Nordsee’. It is verified that the cross-product spectrum contains additional information on distinct non-linear features, when compared to existing theories previously published in the literature. In particular, a relatively sharp second order Bragg resonance line is found on the right-hand side of the pronounced first order peak. This Doppler line occurs, within error bars, in the spectrum at √2 times the first order resonance frequency

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904122

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A satellite-based method for global classification of precipitation and snow cover in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has been developed using three channels of data from the Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager (SSM/I). A decision tree algorithm is developed for the global classification of snow cover and precipitation over large geographical regions. Potential problem areas like desert regions are also identified in the decision-tree process. Oier 40 case studies of SSM/I data over small geographical regions (i.e., the Gulf Coast of the United States, African desert, etc.) were analysed to develop and test these algorithms. Case studies involving Manually Digitized Radar (MDR)data, NOAA weekly snow cover charts and surface weather charts were used to validate the algorithm.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904123

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169208904124

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor