ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954512

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954513

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Phototherapy has been used for the treatment of psoriasis for decades and has been proved effective. Beyond psoriasis, the spectrum of skin diseases found to respond to phototherapy has broadened considerably in recent years. It is used in atopic eczema, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, urticaria and photodermatoses. Recently there have been changes in the treatment. Other wavebands are being used in phototherapy such as 311 nm, and maintenance therapy is usually applied. Finally, phototherapy is also used for other disorders unrelated to dermatology such as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954514

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Results showing ozone concentrations over Athens and over Dundee, determined from satellite remote sensing measurements, are reported along with the results of ground-based ozone measurements in Athens and ground-based solar ultraviolet measurements in Dundee. The spatial variation of ozone concentrations within Greece is also discussed.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954515

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The daily ozone column amounts during the 14-year period (1979–1992), which are inferred from measurements made with both the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) mounted on board the Nimbus-7 satellite have been used to study longitudinal trends at mid-latitudes. The main findings are: (1) There is a large longitudinal variation of the monthly trend in total ozone over the northern mid-latitudes ranging from 1.5 to 8.5 per cent per year with a large standard error, (2) The trend in the total ozone content over the Mediterranean area varies in a similar way with the zonal average total ozone trend over mid-latitudes. Also, the trend of the total ozone over Athens, Greece, is representative of the whole Mediterranean region and so it is representative of the zonal average total ozone trend over the northern mid-latitudes, and (3) The interannual variability of the amplitude of the annual wave in the total ozone amount over the Mediterranean region compares extremely well with the interannual variability of the total ozone amount over this location.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954516

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The observations with the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS) mounted aboard the Nimbus-7 satellite have previously been used to determine the trends of the total ozone amount over Athens, Greece ( 38° N, 24° E), since 1979, for various months ( Varotsos, C. A., and Cracknell, A. P., 1993,International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, 2053–2059). The total ozone depletion over the 13-year time period showed a strong seasonal variation of the trend from more than 7 per cent in winter to about 2·5 per cent in summer. However, the TOMS instrument measures the back-scattered ultraviolet radiation in order to determine ozone content and is limited to observations above the cloud level. ln the presence of thick cloud the column ozone content is generally underestimated. This underestimation of the total ozone amount is quantitatively examined, especially in the synoptic cases where ozone-rich air has been transported into the lower troposphere. The influence of this underestimation on the total ozone depletion over Athens, Greece, deduced from TOMS observations, is finally attempted.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954517

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A comprehensive analysis of the records of surface ozone available for Athens, Greece ( 38° N, 24° E) for the periods 1901–1940 and 1987–1990 is presented. Both records are analysed to explore the intraseasonal fluctuations and the harmonic components of surface ozone and also compared to other historical surface ozone records. The variation in surface ozone concentration during rainfall is also investigated, using the hourly measurements of the surface ozone concentration obtained by a network of four stations within the Greater Athens area. The results indicate that, during rainfall events which are associated with the passing of a cold front, an important decrease of the surface ozone concentration is observed. Daily measurements of surface ozone and NOx, from five stations in the Greater Athens Basin overthe period 1986–1990 are also used in order to examine the main features of basin-wide 03-HC-NOxrelations. A simple regression model between the surface ozone concentration and the temperature at the 850 hPa level, which was first tested in Los Angeles, gave satisfactory results in reproducing the mean monthly ozone variation in Athens, when coefficients extracted from local data were used in the regression equation. A series of vertical ozone soundings over Athens has been also performed in order to explore the tropospheric ozone variations and to examine further the transport that occurs at the 700hPa level with advection from the north-western sector. The relevant results are discussed. The existing uncertainties concerning the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone which mainly occurs during midlatitude tropopause folding as well as during cut-off low events are also discussed. The examination of the role of the atmospheric circulation in the lower stratosphere in relation to the laminated structure of ozone is also attempted. The data collected during the balloon ascents have been compared with those during the balloon descents. Both profiles are compared with the total ozone measurements derived from the TOMS on the Nimbus-7 satellite and the Dobson spectrophotometer. The data collected for the vertical distribution of ozone and temperature have been compared with the satellite-derived reference models which provide the monthly latitudinal variations of vertical structure of both ozone and temperature. We have also used total ozone measurements obtained with a Dobson spectrophotometer ( No. 118) which has been instituted in Athens from 1989 in order to examine the consistency of data from TOMS with the corresponding Dobson data on a daily basis. Furthermore monthly mean total ozone data were first estimated for the entire period and were then Fourier analysed to obtain the amplitude, phase and percentage contribution to the total variance of the first, second and third harmonics.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954518

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simple method for estimating the frequencies of prevalence of various cloud types from their corresponding frequencies of occurrence and their 'amount when present' is proposed. The method is applied in the Athens area, where direct surface based observations of prevailing cloud types are compared with those derived from the proposed method.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954519

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The estimation of the error in the total ozone measurements made with the Dobson spectrophotometer in Athens caused by interfering urban pollutants (i.e., S02, N02), is attempted. The 17-year period (1974–1990) data of radiosonde temperature profiles obtained at Hellinikon Airport, Athens, as well as the 2-year period 1989–1990 data for the S02and N02concentration in Athens have been used to examine the extent of the error in the total ozone measurement made with the Dobson spectrophotometer, installed in Athens, since 1989. The error in Dobson total ozone measurement in Athens due to S02interference in general reaches the level of 1.9 per cent while that due to N02interference reaches the level of 1 per cent. This finding is in close agreement with recently published results.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954520

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The spectral composition of direct solar radiation and its long-term trends for the period 1963–1990 over Athens have been studied. Measurements were made with the use of QRT, OG1, RG2 and RG8 Schott glass fillers, allowing the division of the solar spectrum into 4 bands. The percentage of direct normal solar irradiance was found to increase in the wavelength regions under 630 nm and to decrease in the regions with longer wavelengths.

ISSN:0143-1161    

DOI:10.1080/01431169508954521

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor