摘要:

ABSTRACTTo any finite population ofnindividuals with associated incomesx1…,xnwe can associate a Lorenz curve. By associating this population with a random variableXrepresenting the income of a randomly chosen individual of the population, the concept of a Lorenz curve and the associated partial order (the Lorenz Order) based on nested Lorenz curves is readily extended to be defined in the class of all non‐negative integrable random variables. In this context well known results on inequality attenuating and inequality rank preserving taxation policies are found to admit simple more general proofs. Some results on the effects of random taxation are also reviewed. The effects of applying different taxation policies within subpopulations lead one to consider questions regarding inequality attenuation results in mixture settings. It is observed that, more generally, inequality comparisons can be unambiguously made between any non‐negative variables even if measured in dissimilar

ISSN:0307-3378    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8586.1990.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper conducts an empirical investigation into the issue of inequality decomposition, using the 1985 FES micro data tapes for Northern Ireland. It is hoped that it makes three contributions. First, by using the raw data, it permits a fairly rich disaggregation of individuals. The disaggregation employed in this paper viz. by individuals belonging to different‘family types’and individuals of different‘economic status’seems particularly relevant to social policy. Second the data also permits a disaggregation of total income by type of income: this permits one to assess, for example, how much of total inequality is caused by inequality in the distribution of income from different sources. Finally, the analysis is consistent with the existing theoretical literature on inequality decomposition.The main results may be summarized briefly. When the FES sample was divided by subgroups of family type or economic status, then, in 1985, most of income inequality in NI was due to within group rather than to between group inequality. When total income was disaggregated by income type, then inequalities in the distribution of wages and salaries made the largest contribution to the inequality of total income. Prosperous families in NI tended to contain within them a far greater proportion of secondary workers than did the less well off families. It was not implausible therefore that the distribution of employment between families made a major contribution to wage inequalities betwe

ISSN:0307-3378    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8586.1990.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the introduction of monopolistic competition into wage bargaining models: in addition to capital‐labour substitution, we also consider a cost‐push effect. The right‐to‐manage model requires strong restrictions on the objective functions and leads to problematic conclusions because the wage claims of the union are generally not compatible with the mark‐up requirement contained in the firm's price equation. In the efficient bargaining model, the union negotiates also the employment level, which gives it a way of extracting part of the monopoly rent: the firm's commitment to an efficient wage‐employment combination forces it to follow a pricing rule such that part of the surplus is transferred t

ISSN:0307-3378    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8586.1990.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis note considers the impact of recent generalizations of trade theory upon indices of‘revealed’comparative advantage. In particular, defining economic activities in terms of net output meets some of the theoretical objections to such measures. For two types of measure — trade/production and net export indices — such a basis for calculation has only slight consequences and, therefore, suggests such objections to not be significant in practice. For a third type of measure — export share based indices — these theoretical objections have more force

ISSN:0307-3378    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8586.1990.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-3378    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8586.1990.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY