摘要:

The use of synthesis gas as a raw material for the manufacture of industrial organic chemicals is expected to accelerate in the years ahead as the cost of conventional feedstocks derived from petroleum and natural gas increases. and their availability decreases [1, 2]. The heterogeneously catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch reaction [3] converts synthesis gas directly to mixtures of variously functionalized compounds. With the notable exception of methanol synthesis, however, such heterogeneously catalyzed processes have thus far been sufficiently nonselective to discourage further application to the production of specific chemicals. In contrast, homogeneously catalyzed reactions are often highly selective [4–6] and offer considerable potential for efficiently utilizing synthesis gas. Two commercially successful examples of such chemistry are the Hydroformylation or OXO reaction [7, 8] and the Monsanto acetic acid process [9]. Halcon SD/Tennessee Eastman technology for the production of acetic anhydride will soon be on stream [10], and homogeneously catalyzed routes from synthesis gas to methanol, methyl formate, ethanol, vinyl acetate, ethylene glycol, oxalic acid, acetaldehyde, and other chemicals have been reported [11].

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948308078050

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Products formed by rearrangement of epoxide compounds provide useful intermediates in organic syntheses and some of them are valuable as raw materials in the chemical industry. Many studies on the catalytic rearrangement of the epoxides have been made. The reactions which have been used most frequently are homogeneous with acid or base catalysts such as BF3, MgBr2, t-BuOK, or lithium dialkylamides; the acid catalysts form mainly carbonyl compounds (ketone and aldehyde) and the base catalysts in most cases yield allylic alcohols. Recently the heterogeneous reaction over solid catalysts was also investigated, but the catalysts used were just alumina and silica gel, solid acid and base catalysts, and it is very recent that various kinds of the solid acids and bases have been used as catalysts for epoxide isomerization, especially by the authors (Section VI-A). Studies with molten salts are few, and investigations with metal complex and organometal catalysts have just begun.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948308078051

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions occur simultaneously with hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) during catalytic hydrotreatment of liquid fuels. Extensive research activities in the areas of HDS and HDN have been dictated by environmental concern to limit SO2 and NOX emissions. Different aspects of catalytic HDN and HDS have been reviewed frequently, most recently by Katzer and Sivasubramanian [1] and Furimsky [2], respectively. HDO has not attracted as much attention. This may be attributed to the very low amounts of oxygen found in conventional crudes, the main source of commercial fuels. Also, during HDO, the O is removed in an environmentally harmfulness form.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948308078052

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this commentary is to draw from recent observations in these laboratories and from literature examples to propose logical mechanisms that describe the catalytic pathways by which heterogeneous catalysts catalyze hydrodenitrogenation.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948308078053

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948308078049

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor