摘要:

Increased awareness of the problems caused by air pollution and the decrease of fossil fuel reserves have resulted in great interest in combustion techniques that reduce pollutant emission levels from combustors while simultaneously increasing combustion efficiency. The development of catalytic combustors has two primary objectives: to attain levels of NOXemissions substantially below those possible with conventional ones, and/or to carry out stable combustion for low concentrations of fuel in air.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948408078059

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Great Britaiin dominated the chemical industry, particularly the dyestuff industyr, during the last half of the nineteenth century. William Henry Perkin, who had a post at the Royal College of Chemistry in London when he was 17, but who was working at the time in his home laboratory, oxidizedaniline sulfate with k2Cr2O7and obtained the dye aniline purple or mauve. Recognizing its potential, he resigned his academic position and together with his father began commercial manufacture of the dye when he was 19 years old. Perkin retired in 1874 at the age of 36to devote ful time to research. The other important dye stuff at the time was indigo. Under Imperial Britain, India in 1890 produced 5 million pounds of indigo from the woad plant; its selling price was $3/lb. Chemists at Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik had been trying to synthesize indigo for many years and in 1897, after 18 years of research, the company achieved the first commercial synthesis. The major stumbling block in the process had been the oxidation of naphthalene to phthalic anhydride, and the successful solution of the problem resulted from an accident. A chemist by the name of Sapper accidentally broke a thermometer while he was trying to oxidize naphthalene with sulfuric acid. HgSO4turned out ot be a homogeneous catalyst for the reaction, although until this day, to the best of my knowledge, the exact mechanism of the catalysis is not understood. This achievement changed forever the relative position of the chemical industry in Great Britain vis-a-vis Germany, to Germany's advantage. The tremendous economic impact and potential of catalysis was appreciated by the German chemists. In 1901 Ostwald [1] wrote:

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948408078060

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In recent years the utility of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) as a probe for the study of catalysts has been clearly demonstrated [1–13]. Measurements of EXAFS are particularly valuable for very highly dispersed catalysts. Supported metal systems, in which small metal clusters or crystallites are commonly dispersed on a refractory oxide such as alumina or silica, are good examples of such catalysts. The rätio of surface atoms to total atoms in the metal clusters is generally high and may even approach unity in some cases. With such catalysts it is difficult or impossible to obtain structural information by conventional x-ray diffraction methods [14].

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948408078061

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614948408078058

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor