摘要:

This review article deals with the development of sulfur recovery from the Claus process to H2S selective oxidation. Governments are constantly tightening regulations to limit the emission of sulfur compounds into the air. This makes it necessary to constantly enhance the level of sulfur recovery from natural, refinery, or coal gasification geses, and many improvements in the Claus process have been introduced to this end. In this review, emphasis has been put on the mechanism of reactions occurring in most of the sulfur recovery units, reactions between H2S and SO2or O2and side reactions such as hydrolysis of COS and CS2or sulfation of the catalyst.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614949808007113

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Oxides of the group VIb metals (Cr, Mo, W) and oxides of vanadium, rhenium, and niobium supported on a second high-surface-area metal oxide such as Al2O3, TiO2, Si02, ZrO2, and so forth are recognized as industrially important catalysts or catalyst precursors for various reactions [1–11], These materials frequently have been described as so-called monolayer catalysts based on a structural model which assumed spreading of the active oxide over the support surface. These catalysts have been investigated by a variety of techniques, conventional bulk sampling techniques as well as by surface-sensitive electron and ion spectroscopies, in an attempt to elucidate the nature of the catalyst surface species, and to study the coordination environment of the active metal center(s). Electronic spectroscopy gives rise to broad bands and the spectra are less informative than vibrational spectra. In addition, although techniques such as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are highly surface sensitive (with typical sampling depths of 1–2 nm), only indirect evidence concerning coordination environment can generally be obtained.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614949808007114

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/01614949808007115

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor