摘要:

This review represents an attempt to offer a comprehensive critical collection of information concerning chemical reaction engineering of selective hydrocarbon catalyric oxidation. Many excellent reviews are available in which the fundamental and industrialaspects of hetarogreous selective oxidation of hydrocarbons are presented and discussed[1–11]

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/03602457708081720

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

I want to express my deep appreciation for the honor bestowed on me. It is, of course, very satisfying to receive this acknowledgment after a 35-year career in applied named after Eugene J. Houdry, because it was my privilege to meer him and come to know him quite well in his later years and thus to observe the inquistiveness, intuition, and daring which made him a pioneer in caralytic petroleum and petrochemical technology. Few of us have the vision to anticipate industrial needs and single-mindedly pursue their satisfaction as Eugene Houdry did. We are, therefore, more dependent on the stimulation of discussions with collegues and on team work. It is my first duty to greatfully acknowledge the many contributions of numerous coworkers to whatever merited my getting this award

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/03602457708081721

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One of the principalcauses of present concern is the current unavailability of alternative sources of fuels for transporation. Other fuel imensive sectors, such as electric power generation, can depend on coal or nuclear fuel to provide the energy if petroleum-based fuels become scare. The transporation sector, on the other hand, is projected to need liquid fuels. Due to the relevant abundance of coal in the United States, it isimperative to find ways of converting coal to liquid fuels. Products from coal liquefaction processes contain a high aromatic content. Though this is a desirable comporent isgasoline, it is a very undersirable one in jet and diesel fuels (Table 1). In even higher boiling materials such as gas oils, the high aromatic content makes it quite difficult to produce gasoline by normal rednery processess. Fischer-Tropsch (FT)synthesis, in which carbon produces mainly straight chain aliphatic hydrogen obtained from coal gastfication are reacted over a caralyst, is the only develped coal-derived process which produces mainly straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. Although such aliphatic hydrocarbons are not very desirable on motor gasolines due to their low octare number, diesel and jet fuels containing such aliphatic, hydrocarbons are considered high quality materials. In addition, the higher boiling gas oil traction from the FT process is easily converted to gasoline and diesel fuel by conventional refining technology

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/03602457708081722

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper deals with the status of knowledge concerning open catalytic reaction systems which, though exposed to constant conditions, exhibit sustained oscillatory states. Such behavior arouses interest because, aside from the practical aspects and matters of fundamental importance, it has a battling quality – it usually defles physical explantion offered in the total absence of a mathematical analysis, and hence its occurrence is not easily anticipated

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/03602457708081723

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

when the Sixth International Congress on Catalysis convend in London on July 12,1976, almost exactly 20 years had gone by since the first congress had met in Philadelphia. The elapsed two decades were golden years for catalysis science and technology. These disciplines, taking advantage of the advances in th chemistry and physics of surfaces and the solid state, in coorfinationchemistry, in metalorganies, in computer, chromatography, and other instrumental techniques, and profiting from the general scientific and technical eupnoria engendered by the spectacular exploits of space exploration, have progressed at a tremendous pace on a wice front. The Wacker process, ammondation, Nana-Ziegler catalysts, ceoilte, cracking, bimetallic reforming, wilkinson, chemistry, oxycnlorination, olerin disproportionation or matatnesis, polyrethane foams and elascomers, and catalytic mufflers are some of the key words that signify the revolutionary catalytic technologies developed during this period.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/03602457708081724

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

For reactions necesitating a solid catalyst and which invoive both reisuvely volatile and nonvclarile reactants, three-phase reactirs are required. Equipment used to achieve intimate contacting of the three phases has been procominantly in the form of slurry reactors, analogous to the stirred-tank homogenous system, or fixed-bed reactors in which the two fluid phases flow through a stationary bed of catalyst particles. Trickle-bed reactors are a type ofthe second classification in which both gas and liquid flow downward through the catalyst bed. Such systems avoid the disadvantage of separating small catalyst particles from the fluid product streams associated with slurry reactors, and also avoid the limitation of flow rates uncountered with upflow or countercurrent flow through fixed beds.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/03602457708081725

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Dramatic developments have been seen in the application of varous modern tools in heterogeneous catalysis which makes it feasible to understand the catalytic reactions as well as the catalysts themselves on a molecular and/or atomic scale. consequently, much more attention has been paid to the configuration of active sites in relation to their caralytic behaviors.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/03602457708081726

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Studies of chemical reactions on well-defined surfaces have considerable potential for providing fundamental knowledge of surface reactivity and guidelines for the understanding of catalytic materials. with the use of low energy election deffraction (LEED)[1,2] surface structures can be diferentiated and the effect of these structures on surface reactivity determined. In addition, the relative case of obtaining surfaces of known composition utilizing Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)[3–5] makes it possible to study metal surfaces with less than 1% impurity and, moreover, to prepare surfaces with known coverages of adatoms such as carbon, oxygen, and sulfur in order to study the effects of these spacies on the activity and selectivity of the surface for given reactants. In some cases, as illustrated of the surface adatoms.

ISSN:0161-4940    

DOI:10.1080/03602457708081727

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor