摘要:

A survey of the nutritional composition of primary school children's packed lunches and school meals over I week in October 1990 was carried out in an inner‐city school in Nottingham where the majority of children had free school meals and were therefore by definition from low‐income families. Maximum, minimum and mean levels of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and dietary fibre were calculated from food composition tables, together with the proportions of the energy contributed by fat, carbohydrate and protein. There were very large differences in the ranges of protein (2.6–24.7 g), fat (10.0–55.3 g) and carbohydrate (33.7–160.9 g) in packed lunches compared to those from school meals (protein 23.3–81.9 g, fat 24.0–65.5g and carbohydrate 37.2–140.3) although the mean percentage of energy from fat was similar in the packed lunches compared to the school meals (43.1 vs. 42.7). The mean energy provided by the school meals was approximately 33% higher than that from packed lunches (2554 kJ vs. 3386 kJ). Whilst accurate food consumption measurements were not performed, observational studies of the children indicated that food was left uneaten, particularly with packed lunches where the crisps and chocolate were often eaten first and the sandwiches remained half‐e

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following a review of the history and organization of farmers' markets in Costa Rica, a comparison was made of prices offered to consumers at farmers' markets, produce markets and supermarkets in Costa Rica. Findings reveal there are substantial price savings to Costa Rican consumers that shop at local farmers' markets for fruit and vegetables compared to produce markets and supermarkets.

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Consumers' willingness to pay for cowpea products was analysed by a multi‐ordered response model. The analysis indicated that sociodemographic factors are weakly linked to consumers' willingness to pay while product characteristics are strongly linked. Marketing promotion is possible. Thus, akara products, made from cowpea paste, have potential for extending the utilization of cowpea

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two sets of questionnaires were administered to 206 individuals at three locations in Salima District, central Malawi, in order to evaluate and compare consumers' attitudes to and acceptance of goat's and sheep's milk relative to identically prepared cow's milk. One hundred and seventy‐two goat farmers around Bunda College, Lilongwe, central Malawi, were also included in the study to assess their general attitude towards the consumption of goat's milk. About 62% and 96% of consumers in Salima have never consumed goat's and sheep's milk respectively. Unavailability was the major factor (P<0.D001) influencing the attitudes of the people towards consumption of goat's and sheep's milk, followed by the fact that it is not traditional to milk goats and sheep and consume their milk, a major reason (P<0.D001) in Lilongwe. Strong flavour and taste was a tertiary factor in the study. Respondents failed to associate coded milk samples with actual sources. Mean taste scores (based on a five‐point scale of 1 = like very much, 5 = dislike very much) for goat's, sheep's and cow's milk were 1.81, 2.12 and 2.77, respectively. There were no significant differences among milk sources in these scores. The results indicate that goat's and sheep's milk is just as acceptable as cow's m

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The unique characteristics of services — i.e. intangibility, perishability, inseparability and heterogeneity — add risk, challenge and complexity to the tasks involved in being a service consumer. In response, service consumers assume six important roles, labelled: Targets, Partners, Quasi‐Employees, Service Itself, Reporters and Quality Inspectors. The successful implementation of these roles relies heavily upon consumer skills that vary from consumer to consumer. Implications of being a service consumer are discussed and specific recommendations are offered to service cons

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five different surfactants were used at 2.0% concentrations. The most and least effective were found to be Synthrapol N and Ahcowet RS respectively; based on their rating of whiteness index. Synthrapol N and Ahcowet RS were evaluated with the addition of sodium carbonate, sodium tripolyphosphate and a 1:1 combination of the two builders. In both cases the addition of a builder improved the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant. Although each builder alone improved the cleaning efficiency, the combination of sodium carbonate and sodium tripolyphosphate improved efficiency at a lower total concentration.

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The reproducibility of a repertory grid for the evaluation of fabric handle was investigated by means of consumer responses to a series of fabrics. The consumer panel evaluated the same fabrics on three separate occasions. On the first and third occasion, the fabrics were seen and on the second occasion unseen. Correlations at high levels of significance were generally found between results obtained on each occasion. This was particularly true of the two seen tests.

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Behavioural research has produced mixed results as to the various effects perceived bias can produce on message response. Though bias and unexpectedly unbiased messages have not been much researched in an advertising framework, perceived bias in advertising messages is an inherent problem. This study presents the results of an experiment designed to test the effect of bias and unexpectedness on message response in an advertising context. The results suggest bias may be more of a problem with advertisements using a comparative format. Unexpectedness, while less effective in comparative approaches, performed well in a non‐comparative format. Unexpected messages appeared to produce greater attention to message content, suggesting that this tactic may result in lower advertising exposure levels producing respons

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the types of media used for four product classes, and to examine the effect of respondent's demographics and psychographics on the types of media. Eight hundred and four respondents were randomly selected from the population (8040) of five residential sections of Lubbock, Texas, by using systematic sampling. Different merchandise names representing the classes of product were listed in the questionnaire. The respondents were asked to rate each type of merchandise according to the order of media usage when they purchased the merchandise. One hundred and fifty‐two questionnaires were analysed by factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and Friedman two‐way analysis of variance by ranks. Eight psychographic factors extracted by factor analysis were Traditional, Self‐confident, Satisfied with Finances, Satisfied with Friends, Living Optimist, Self‐conscious, Community Minded, and Homebody. Self‐conscious was the only factor to affect the consumers' usage of newspapers, television, radio, magazines and direct mail. In addition, the usage of television was affected by the Satisfied with Finances factor. The demographic variables of marital status, age, education, ethnic group, political outlook, occupation and social level influenced the usage of newspapers, magazines, radio, television and direct mail. The usage of television was affected by one's political affiliation. Income did not influence media usage. The findings indicated that the individual's usage of the newspapers, television, radio, magazines and direct mail was affected by the classes of products: convenience, preference, shopping and special

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey on aromatic (scented) rice was conducted of 150 people in each capital in Indonesia, Philippines, Korea and Japan in order to ascertain if they are familiar with the rice and like the aroma. Many of the subjects in Jakarta and Manila know of aromatic rice, and they often eat it and even prefer it. However, people in Seoul and Tokyo do not know of the rice. One hundred and seventy‐five out of 246 persons (71%) in Kochi, Japan, know of the rice and over 60% of the subjects eat it. Most of the subjects who have eaten aromatic rice prefer the aroma. There is a great difference in the distribution of aromatic rice between East and South‐east Asia. Significant differences are also found between Jakarta and Manila in the distribution and preference of the r

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1992.tb00512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY