摘要:

Organizational computing tools are often developed and managed with an eye toward increasing efficiency. Yet today's most widespread organizational computing tool, electronic mail, has an impact that goes well beyond efficiency effects. This article summarizes a two‐level perspective on organizational computing and reviews research results demonstrating strong organizational effects of electronic mail. From these results, we draw some lessons for the next generation of organizational computing.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399109540154

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A “distributed group support system”; includes decision support tools and structures embedded within a computer‐mediated communication system rather than installed in a “decision room.”; It should support groups who are distributed in space but not time ("synchronous”; groups), as well as “asynchronous”; groups whose members participate at different times. Pilot studies conducted in preparation for a series of controlled experiments are reviewed in order to identify some of the problems of implementing such a system. Many of the means used by groups meeting in the same place at the same time to coordinate their activities are missing. Embedding decision support tools within a different communications medium and environment changes the way they “work.”; Speculations are presented about software tools and structuring or facilitation procedures that might replace the “missing”; coordination channels.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399109540155

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399109540156

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article presents issues and obstacles important when developing team support systems: information systems designed to support organizational teams. Drawing on the accomplishments of economics, organization theory, artificial intelligence, and computer‐supported cooperative work, key issues of interest are discussed. The desirable qualitative properties of a team support system are set forth as well as its generic functional requirements. Several ideas for experimental directions are also described.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399109540157

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Modeling organizations is most useful for predicting the outcome of decisions and courses of action. However, the tendency has been to view an organization too narrowly, thus overlooking critical variables. For example, financial models are based on abstract indicators and do not adequately describe human factors. This article offers a five‐layer, multidisciplinary model, where each layer defines units of analysis and subsystem boundaries. The layers (behavior‐motion, activity, process‐procedure, function, mission) define arenas of practical action, ranging from individuals’ moment‐by‐moment behaviors, such as making telephone calls, to broad policy decisions and functional structure of organizations.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399109540158

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We consider two two‐person organizations, called A and B. Each organization faces a changing environment; an environment has two components and each of them is privately observed by one of the organization's two members. Each organization's task is to respond to the current environment by taking a correct action; the correct action is a known function of the environment. However, the task of A is totally unrelated to the task of B: if A knew B's current environment and B's current correct action, that would tell A nothing at all about its own current correct action (and vice versa). Now suppose that each organization performs its task by a sequence of message announcements that stop when an “action‐taker”; has just enough information about the two members’ private observations so that he can take the correct action. Suppose we measure the effort this requires by the size of the set of possible message announcements. Then a compelling conjecture says that there can be no saving in total effort if we merge the two organizations into a single four‐person organization in which a single action‐taker takes both actions.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399109540159

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Groupware is a perspective on telecommunications and computing that emphasizes the business team as “user,”; rather than the individual. This perspective and its associated products and services are riding a major wave of change: the trend toward business teams (small, cross‐organizational, ad hoc, task‐focused, time‐driven, cohesive work groups) as a primary mode of operation for the organization of the future. In this paper, I will explore future directions for the groupware perspective in the marketplace and the business teams wave. Current product classes will be presented, along with the experiences of early users of groupware. In addition to overall trends and future directions, possible wild cards will be introduced and discussed.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399109540160

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399109540153

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor