ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe principal difficulties with determinations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water are the reliability of sampling procedures and analytical methods. Two integrated methods have been developed for routine sampling, processing, and analysis of VOCs in ground water. These methods involve in situ collection of ground water using a modified syringe sampler from PVC piezometers or using dedicated glass syringes from stainless steel multilevel bores. The samples are processed in the syringe using purge and trap or microsolvent extraction and analyzed by GC/MSD.The modified purge‐and‐trap method is time‐consuming and limited to volatile organic compounds. However, it is extremely sensitive and flexible: the volume of sample used can be varied by the use of different‐size glass syringes (sample volumes from 1 to 100 mL).In cases where extremely low sensitivity (<10 mg 1−1) is not critical, the microextraction technique is a more cost‐effective method, allowing twice as many samples to be analyzed in the same time as the purge‐and‐trap method. It enables less volatile compounds such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, and cresols to be analyzed in the same GC run. Also, the microextraction method can be used in the field to avoid delays associated with transportation of ground water samples to

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReleases of petroleum products from leaking residential storage tanks are a growing problem in the stale of New Jersey. Approximately two releases per day have been reported to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Product releases may cause aquifers to become contaminated, may affect surface water, or cause vapor problems inside households. As of 1992, there arc no federal or state regulations pertaining to the maintenance and monitoring of residential petroleum storage tanks. Regulations are essential for protecting drinking water supplies. The regulations must address installation procedures, lank materials, monitoring, and tank location.

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) logging provides an efficient method for high‐resolution, vertical delineation of electrically conductive contamination in glacial sand‐and‐gravel aquifers. LM. gamma, and lithologic logs and specific conductance data from sand‐and‐gravel aquifers at five sites in the northeastern United States were analyzed to define the relation of KM conductivity to aquifer lithology and water quality. Municipal waste disposal, septic waste discharge, or highway deicing salt application at these sites has caused contaminant plumes in which the dissolved solids concentration and specific conductance of ground water exceed background levels by as much as 10 to 20 limes.The major hydrogeologic factors that affected KM log response at the five sites were the dissolved solids concentration of the ground water and the silt and clay content in the aquifer. KM conductivity of sand and gravel with uncontaminated water ranged from less than 5 to about 10 millisiemens per meter (mS/m); that of silt and clay zones ranged from about 15 to 45 mS/m: and that of the more highly contaminated zones in sand and gravel ranged from about 10 to more than 80 mS/m. Specific conductance of water samples from screened intervals in sand and gravel at selected monitoring well installations was significantly correlated with KM conductivity.CM logging can be used in glacial sand‐and‐gravel aquifer investigations to (1) determine optimum depths for the placement of monitoring well screens: (2) provide a nearly continuous vertical profile of specific conductance to complement depth‐specific water quality samples; and (3) identify temporal changes in water quality through sequential logging. Detailed lithologic or gamma logs, preferably both, need to be collected along with the F.M logs to define zones in which elevated EM conductivity is caused by the presence of sill and clay beds rather tha

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLeaking underground storage tanks are a proven source of subsurface hydrocarbon contamination. An improbable leak scenario supported by anomalous field data formed the basis of a major lawsuit filed against a tank installer. A simplified hydrocarbon mound migration model, coupled with basic mass balance calculations, showed the field data to be inconsistent with the purported leak scenario, and showed monitoring well tampering to be the source of hydrocarbon contamination. The method described is a simple yet efficient means of developing hydrocarbon mass estimates and mound migration projections. These values can also be valuable in siting injection/extraction locations and developing integrated in situ remediation technologies.

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA regional survey of Danish ground water demonstrated the presence of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) in almost all of 142 wells (99 percent). Generally, the presence of AOX was not related to point or non‐point source contamination with halogenated organics. However, the AOX concentrations varied with the geology of the aquifers. Extractable organic halogens (EOX) and volatile organic halogens (VOX) were far less prevalent (detected in 4 percent of sampled wells) and the detection could, in most cases, be explained by contamination or chlorination of the wells. The VOX concentrations corresponded to the concentrations of identified, volatile contaminants. The study demonstrates the presence of a natural background level of AOX in the investigated aquifers. This must be considered in the interpretation of AOX results as an indicator of ground water contamination with haloorganics. Similar background levels of EOX or VOX were not delecte

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY