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1. |
A deadly combination of anorexia and hypermetabolism |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 175-177
Vickie Baracos,
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ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
An update: cancer-associated anorexia as a treatment target |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 179-182
Aminah Jatoi,
Charles Loprinzi,
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摘要:
Loss of appetite is pervasive among patients with advanced cancer. Cancer patients cite it as one of their most troubling symptoms. To date, however, palliative options remain limited. Megestrol acetate and dexamethasone provide only modest relief. Novel agents such as thalidomide, adenosine triphosphate, and other cytokine inhibitors merit further investigation.
ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
What do we really know about the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy? |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 183-190
R. Jagoe,
Alfred Goldberg,
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摘要:
Studies of many different rodent models of muscle wasting have indicated that accelerated proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is the principal cause of muscle atrophy induced by fasting, cancer cachexia, metabolic acidosis, denervation, disuse, diabetes, sepsis, burns, hyperthyroidism and excess glucocorticoids. However, our understanding about how muscle proteins are degraded, and how the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is activated in muscle under these conditions, is still very limited. The identities of the important ubiquitin-protein ligases in skeletal muscle, and the ways in which they recognize substrates are still largely unknown. Recent in-vitro studies have suggested that one set of ubquitination enzymes, E214Kand E3α, which are responsible for the ‘N-end rule’ system of ubiquitination, plays an important role in muscle, especially in catabolic states. However, their functional significance in degrading different muscle proteins is still unclear. This review focuses on the many gaps in our understanding of the functioning of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy, and highlights the strengths and limitations of the different experimental approaches used in such studies.
ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Catabolic and anabolic signals in bone: therapeutic implications |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 191-196
Socrates Papapoulos,
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摘要:
Bone remodelling accounts for the continuous renewal of the adult skeleton, and its disturbances constitute the pathophysiological basis of most skeletal disorders. Recently identified bone signalling pathways explain the action of known therapeutic agents and provide targets for new developments in the management of bone diseases.
ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
Clinical and pharmaceutical management of deficiencies, excesses and infection with nutrition support |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 197-200
Gil Hardy,
Antonio Campos,
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PDF (56KB)
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ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Surgical treatment of morbid obesity |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 201-206
Júlio Coelho,
Antonio Campos,
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摘要:
The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly, and it is a major health problem, especially in Western countries. Bariatric surgery causes significant and permanent weight loss and improves the quality of life. It ameliorates or eliminates most of the obesity-related comorbidities. Isolated gastric restriction procedures are technically easy to perform, the morbidity and mortality are low, but the weight loss is unsatisfactory in patients who ingest high-energy food. Combined gastric restriction with gastric bypass or intestinal malabsorption procedures cause greater weight loss, but more nutritional complications.
ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Complications of central venous catheters |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 207-210
Humberto Arenas-Marquez,
Roberto Anaya-Prado,
Luis Barrera-Zepeda,
Alejandro Gonzalez-Ojeda,
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摘要:
Central vein catheterization is frequently employed for monitoring, administration of drugs and parenteral nutrition in a variety of medical and surgical illnesses. Despite the widespread use of central vein access, both catheter-related infections and mechanical complications remain unacceptably common. In the last few years, data have become available to show that technical innovations and catheter maintenance protocols can reduce both catheter related bloodstream infections as well as mechanical complications. Future developments should be aimed at both educational intervention and biomaterials research. The former incorporates case-based instruction, problem-solving examination, and database analysis; while the latter will probably lead to a new set of catheters that are more resistant to infection and thrombosis.
ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
Evidence-based prevention of catheter infection during parenteral nutrition |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 211-218
Alain Attar,
Bernard Messing,
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摘要:
Parenteral nutrition is a risk factor for catheter-related bloodstream infection. Here we reviewed strategies for the prevention of catheter-related infections, which always must begin with the cornerstone of prevention: the strict adherence to aseptic techniques. Most research has been interested in coated catheters. From these results, it may be concluded that antibiotics or antiseptic-impregnated catheters, like those with minocycline-rifampicin or chlorhexidine/silver sulfadiazine, significantly reduce catheter-related blood stream infections. Antibiotics or antiseptic-impregnated central venous catheters may even result in cost saving in intensive care units. Antiseptic or antibiotic-lock techniques would also be of interest to prevent catheter-related sepsis in high-risk patients who are receiving parenteral nutrition.
ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
Practical implications of nutritional support during continuous renal replacement therapy |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 219-225
Angela Marin,
Gil Hardy,
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摘要:
Continuous blood membrane interactions during continuous renal replacement therapy cause bioincompatibility and low grade inflammatory reactions with potentially adverse consequences on protein metabolism and immunocompetence. In designing a nutritional program for patients receiving this treatment, these adverse metabolic effects, especially the loss of nutritional substrates, must be considered. This review provides a practical overview of nutritional support in acute renal failure, including assessment techniques, determination of nutrient needs, and appropriate intervention for patient support.
ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Phosphate supplementation for hypophosphataemia and parenteral nutrition |
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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,
Volume 4,
Issue 3,
2001,
Page 227-233
William Hicks,
Gil Hardy,
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摘要:
Routine detection and treatment of acute hypophosphataemia is important in intensive care unit and many other hospitalized patients, but metabolic bone disease and hypophosphataemia are still experienced as a result of parenteral nutrition. A significantly common problem that faces the compounding pharmacist when formulating parenteral nutrition regimens is the difficulty associated with the successful avoidance of calcium phosphate precipitation. Although incorporation of the normal calcium and phosphate requirements into regimens for metabolically stable adults is usually achievable, it can prove impossible in paediatric and neonatal mixtures when using the standard inorganic sources that are currently licensed for use in the UK and USA. In other countries, where organic compounds are routinely available, this problem does not exist.
ISSN:1363-1950
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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