ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The term ‘intestinal failure’ is now often used to describe gastrointestinal function insufficient to satisfy body nutrient and fluid requirements. The first recognized condition of intestinal failure was short bowel syndrome. Severe motility disorders such as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome in children as well as congenital intractable intestinal mucosa disorders are also forms of intestinal failure, because no curative treatment for these diseases is yet available. Parenteral nutrition and home parenteral nutrition remain the mainstay of therapy for intestinal failure, whether it is partial or total, provisional or permanent. However, some patients develop complications while receiving standard therapy for intestinal failure and are considered for intestinal transplantation. Indeed, recent advances in immunosuppressive treatment and the better monitoring and control of acute rejection have brought intestinal transplantation into the realm of standard treatment for intestinal failure. Although it has been used in humans for the past two decades, this procedure has had a slow learning curve. According to the current results, this challenging procedure may be performed in children or adults, only under certain conditions.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent developments concerning nutritional complications of inflammatory bowel disease include a better understanding of disease-associated anorexia and increasing recognition of the interaction of nutrition and cytokines in the pathogenesis of growth impairment of children. Decreased bone mineral density is a multifactorial complication and an increased focus of research. Enteral nutrition continues to play an important role in the therapy of Crohn's disease. The mechanisms whereby specific nutrients, such as n-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and butyrate, ameliorate inflammation are being elucidated in in-vitro studies, but beneficial effects have yet to be translated into the clinical sphere.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the last year some relevant papers on nutrition and metabolism in chronic liver disease and transplantation have been published. Studies investigating the reliability of predicting energy expenditure in cirrhosis, and some relevant contributions to the understanding of metabolic consequences of liver transplantation, deserve particular mention. These include the first direct evidence that liver transplantation corrects the insulin resistance present in cirrhosis, as well as studies on the role of genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene in bone loss after transplantation. Other papers have dealt with body composition, polyunsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant status in cirrhosis. However, relevant contributions in the field of nutritional support in cirrhosis are surprisingly lacking.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The amino acid glutamine has become one of the most intensively studied nutrients in the field of nutrition and metabolic support. A variety of studies in cell culture systems, animal models of gut mucosal atrophy, injury/repair and adaptation and a limited number of clinical trials demonstrate trophic and cytoprotective effects of glutamine in small bowel and colonic mucosal cells. Although the routine clinical use of glutamine-enriched parenteral and enteral nutrient solutions remains controversial, available data demonstrate both the safety and metabolic and clinical efficacy of glutamine treatment in selected patient groups. Basic investigations are elucidating underlying mechanisms of glutamine action in intestinal cells. These will inform preclinical and clinical investigations designed to determine glutamine efficacy in selected gastrointestinal disorders. Emerging clinical trials will further define the utility of adjunctive glutamine supplementation as a component of specialized nutrition support in gastrointestinal disease.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Enteral feeding systems provide a mechanism for nutritional support for patients who may be unable to tolerate oral dietary sustenance. This review takes into account recent infection control issues relating to enteral feeding systems. The review is organized into the following areas of emphasis: infections associated with enteral tube feeding, the stability and contamination of enteral tube feeding, the risk : benefit analysis of enteral tube feeding, and the protective effects of enteral tube feeding.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Oxidative stress is implicated in many pathological processes and results from a disruption of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance. This review will focus on noninvasive biomarkers of radical-induced damage in biological fluids and particularly in blood. Special attention will be addressed to new analytical methods for the measurement of radical-mediated alterations in the integrity of lipids, proteins and DNA.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Altered γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine homeostasis has been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases. The measurement of the rates of synthesis or loss ofγ-glutamylcysteinylglycine is necessary in order to make meaningful inferences about changes inγ-glutamylcysteinylglycine concentration in these diseased states. In this review, we discuss methods for measuringγ-glutamylcysteinylglycine concentration in biological samples as well as how improvements in the sensitivity of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses have permitted the development of new and convenient stable isotope tracer methods for the in-vivo measurement ofγ-glutamylcysteinylglycine kinetics.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID