摘要:

Nine trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Pb) were determined in the dissolved ash of 36 samples of raw milk. The distribution of the concentration of each element was first investigated by means of a test of normality. The matrix of the correlation between the concentrations of the elements was then used as a starting matrix for principal component analysis. Nine variables were reduced to four principal components, accounting for 75% of the total variance. The biophilic elements Mn‐Fe and Cu‐Mo were positively associated with the first two principal components, while Cr was correlated to the third and Ni and Cd with the fourth principal component. Pb and Zn are both negatively correlated to the first principal component. Comparison with 42 samples of a commercial milk, by using a two‐dimensional plot of the principal component scores, rendered possible the differentiation between raw and commercial milk.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039109373983

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A total of 155 fatty food composites from five major Canadian cities were analysed for 36 selected polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. Total PCB congener levels of more than 1 ng/g (wet weight) were found in fresh water fish, canned fish, butter, marine fish and cheese, with fresh water fish (18.7 ng/g) containing 5 to 10 times more total PCBs than the other four food commodities. Milk (2%), cooking oils/salads and canned meat soup contained <0.1 ng/g (wet weight). The observed total PCB residue levels in fatty foods were well within the Canadian guidelines for fish, dairy products, poultry, eggs and beef. The most predominant congeners found in fish, butter, cheese, meat and poultry were the 2,2',4,4',5‐, 2,3',4,4',5‐pentachloro‐, 2,2',3,4,4',5'‐, 2,2',4,4',5,5'‐hexachloroand 2,2', 3,4,4', 5,5'‐heptachlorobiphenyls. This predominant congener pattern was not always evident in other dairy products (e.g. ice cream) and processed foods (e.g. canned meat soup). An attempt was made to relate the intake of PCB congeners from fatty foods with congener levels found in adipose tissue of Canadians. The estimated daily intake of some specific PCB congeners from fatty foods, in most cases accounted for more than half the total deposit of these congeners in adipose tissue of Canadians.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039109373984

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The six olive oils and seven virgin olive oils which are most consumed in Italy were analysed for 28 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The aim was to evaluate whether a carcinogenic hazard for the general population can derive from the dietary intake of this food, which is consumed particularly highly in the Mediterranean area. The analytical method involved extraction by liquid‐liquid partition, nitration on silica gel, clean‐up by thin‐layer chromatography on silica gel, and analysis by high‐resolution gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The 3‐ and 4‐ring PAHs which are most abundant in the environment were found in all samples, at individual levels up toca.40μg/kg (for phenanthrene); no important difference was observed between olive oils and virgin olive oils. PAHs which are most suspected of being carcinogenic for humans were not detected (limit of detection,ca.3μg/kg). The average yearly intake of the detected PAHs through this food was estimated atca.0.56 mgper capita.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039109373985

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A total diet study has been initiated in the Basque country (Spain), the purpose of which is to provide estimates of the average intake of both food contaminants and certain nutrients. The types and quantities of foods that make up the average Basque ‘Total Diet’ are based on the results of surveys carried out between 1988 and 1990. These surveys have identified the major items in the national diet (91 categories of foods) which are combined for the total diet study, for analysis, into 16 groups of similar foods. Each group is being analysed for selected contaminants of concern which initially are: heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic), organochlorine pesticides (HCB, HCH(a, ß, γδ), DDT (DDE, TDE), dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan and methoxychlor) and selected trace element nutrients (zinc, selenium and iron). In the milk and dairy products groups an assessment of aflatoxin M1contamination is also being carried out.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039109373986

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The biological defence systems against oxygen radical toxicity and chemical toxicity, and their component enzymes, are described, and the nutritional requirements for biological defence against chemical and oxygen toxicity, including calories; protein, lipids and lipotropes, vitamins and minerals, are reviewed in the context of their contribution to the mechanisms of detoxication. Modulation of the cytochromes P‐450, and hence toxicity, by dietary components are considered; the P450I family, induced by food pyrolysis mutagens, and the P450IIE family, induced by alcohol and fasting, contribute substantially to chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity. It is concluded that: (i) the detoxication system of terrestrial fauna has evolved over > 300 million years to protect animals from dietary plant toxins; (ii) protection against chemical and oxygen toxicity requires all categories of nutrients; and (iii) the role of food and nutrition in detoxication is essential to survival.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039109373987

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chemicals in the Human Food ChainEdited by C. K. Winter, J. N. Seiber and C. F. Nuckton. (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990). Pp. xv + 276. Price $38.95. ISBN 0–442–00421–4.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039109373988

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039109373989

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039109373972

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor