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11. |
Deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A in German wheat and changes of level in relation to storage parameters |
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Food Additives & Contaminants,
Volume 17,
Issue 12,
2000,
Page 1027-1035
Barbara Birzele,
Alexander Prange,
Johannes KrÄmer,
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摘要:
The occurrence of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in the winter wheat of 1997 and 1998 grown under organic farming conditions was investigated using ELISAs (R-Biopharm®) for quantification. The influence of delayed drying of the grain after harvest on the development of DON and OTA was determined in storage trials (moisture: 17% and 20%; temperature: 20°C; duration: four and six weeks). The Tox5 PCR assay was used both to detectFusariumspecies with the potential to produce trichothecenes and as a measure of their relative DNA content during the storage trials. The intensity of the PCR signals was correlated with the DON concentration.Fusariumspecies were identified microscopically by standard methods. All the freshly harvested grain samples were contaminated with DON and showed further increases in the DON concentration during storage. OTA contamination was found in 14.3% of the 1997 samples and in 24.1% of the 1998 samples. OTA increased during storage trials of the 1997 samples but not in the 1998 samples.
ISSN:0265-203X
DOI:10.1080/02652030050207828
出版商:Taylor & Francis Group
年代:2000
数据来源: Taylor
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12. |
Toxicological evaluation of commercial mineral water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate: a cytogenetic approach withAllium cepa |
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Food Additives & Contaminants,
Volume 17,
Issue 12,
2000,
Page 1037-1045
Maria Grazia Evandri,
Paolo Tucci,
Paola Bolle,
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摘要:
The aim of this study was to ascertain the possible toxicological effects of chemicals released into mineral water packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. Two commercial mineral waters, bottled both in PET and glass and stored under different conditions, were examined using theAllium cepatest. The influence of the water samples on macroscopic (root length, colour and form) and microscopic (root tip mitotic index, chromosome aberrations) parameters was examined. The water samples were analysed after: (A) controlled-conditio n storage (no direct light exposure and 18 ± 2°C), (B) storage at 40|°C for 10 days, in the dark (migration test in accordance with 82/711/EEC), and (C) exposure to sunlight and varying temperatures (18 ± 38°C, mean temperature 25 ± 38°C). The two water samples bottled in PET induced cytogenetic aberrations regardless of the storage conditions. These signs of toxicity were evident even only 8 weeks after bottling, which is well within the recommended expiry date. Storage conditions were very important, as is suggested by the finding that chromosomal aberrations were particularly apparent after exposure to direct sunlight. However, as plant systems are not considered as primary screening tools by current international guidelines for mammalian systems, extrapolation of the results from this test system to other systems and, eventually, to human beings should be based on results from a battery of assays covering various metabolic pathways.
ISSN:0265-203X
DOI:10.1080/02652030010014411
出版商:Taylor & Francis Group
年代:2000
数据来源: Taylor
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13. |
Properties of polyethylene films with incorporated benzoic anhydride and/or ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and their suitability for food packaging |
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Food Additives & Contaminants,
Volume 17,
Issue 12,
2000,
Page 1047-1053
Jaroslav Dobiáš,
Kamila Chudackova,
Michal Voldrich,
Miroslav Marek,
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摘要:
Benzoic anhydride and ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (ETP and PRP, respectively, also termed parabens) incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) film were studied with regard to migration into food and food simulants at 6°C and 25°C, and changes in selected properties of the film were investigated. Antimicrobials were incorporated into polymer film in concentrations of 5g/kg and 10g/kg. The addition of parabens into the polymer was more difficult than benzoic anhydride due to their volatility. For benzoic anhydride, 30–40% and 10–20% of the added amount was found to leach from the film into aqueous and olive oil food simulants, respectively. The migration into both water and olive oil followed a very similar course in the case of parabens. Migration levels over 90% and in the range of 70% to 80%, relative to the amount of agent in the film, were determined for ETP and PRP respectively. The incorporation of antimicrobials into the film significantly changed the functional characteristics of the packaging material, i.e. permeability of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour, tensile strength, coefficient of friction, sealing strength and transparency. Shelf life tests with packaged cheese and toasted bread demonstrated the efficiency of the film containing 10g/kg of BA against mould growth on the food surface during storage at 6°C.
ISSN:0265-203X
DOI:10.1080/02652030010014394
出版商:Taylor & Francis Group
年代:2000
数据来源: Taylor
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