摘要:

The regulatory approach in the UK to the safety assessment of microbial enzymes has been reviewed. The Committee on the Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) devised, in December 1992, a strategy based on toxicological testing of a representative batch of the final purified fermentation product and achieving a high standard of quality control through the development and maintenance of quality assurance specifications.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374172

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The March 1989 oil spill in Alaska prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to conduct a thorough investigation of clean‐up methodologies aimed at determining low ng/g (ppb) levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seafood. The clean‐ups from a modified FDA method and a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) method were evaluated on the basis of the determination of 18 PAHs at levels ranging from 1 to 5 ppb by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the modified FDA method, seafood extracts were purified by a liquid‐liquid partition followed by a three‐step elution through silica, alumina, and C18solid‐phase extraction cartridges. In the NMFS method, seafood extracts were purified by column chromatography through a deactivated silica gel/alumina column and a gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography column. Both methods quantitated 18 PAHs at levels ranging from 1 to 5 ppb. With the exception of naphthalene, average recoveries based on internal deuterated standards ranged from 73 to 144% for the modified FDA method and 63 to 106% for the NMFS method.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374173

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Smoked foods including turkey, pork, chicken, beef and fish products were screened for the presence of carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Eighteen commercial liquid smoke flavourings and seasonings were also analysed. Total PAH concentrations in smoked meat products ranged from 2.6 μg/kg in a cooked ham sample to 29.8 μg/kg in grilled pork chops, while those in fish products ranged from 9.3 μg/kg in smoked shrimp to 86.6 μg/kg in smoked salmon. Total concentrations of the carcinogenic PAHs (benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a, h]anthracene, and indeno[l,2,3‐c,d]pyrene) ranged from non‐detectable in several meat products to 7.4 μg/kg in grilled pork chops, and from 0.2 μg/kg in trout to 16.0 μg/kg in salmon. In liquid smoke flavourings and seasonings, total PAH concentrations ranged from 6.3 to 43.7 μg/kg, with the carcinogenic PAHs ranging from 0.3 to 10.2 μg/kg.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374174

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The polymeric plasticizers poly(butylene adipate) and poly(propylene adipate), and a low molecular weight oligomer fraction from each, were exposedin vitroto simulated gastric and intestinal hydrolysis in order to study their likely fate after ingestion of foods contaminated by migration from plastics packaging. Analysis for loss of the parent compounds indicated that partial hydrolysis occurred under simulated gastric conditions, with the low molecular weight oligomers being the most susceptible. Analysis for one of the starting materials, adipic acid, revealed however that the hydrolysis did not result in a significant conversion to free monomer under either simulated gastric or intestinal conditions. This is explained on the basis of partial hydrolysis of the plasticizers to smaller oligomer units but with the more resistant ester linkages resisting complete breakdown to monomer.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374175

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Extraction studies on butyl‐ and octyltins were conducted with three poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) product types: clear food container, rigid pipe and flexible membrane. Three solvents, tetrahydrofuran, xylene and methylene chloride were evaluated for extraction efficiency. Methylene chloride extracted more than 97% of the total extractable organotin in two extractions and resulted in the highest recoveries of analytes from all three PVC products. Method detection limits ranged from 0.3 to 0.9μgalkyltin/g PVC. The mean precision of the method is 6.8% relative standard deviation. Food industry PVC product samples contained between <0.8 and 8751μg/g octyltins and <0.3 and 4.7 μg/g butyltins. Butyltins (<0.9–5985 μg/g) were detected in potable water pipe samples. Pipe used in industrial applications contained both butyl‐ (13–1501μg/g) and octyltins (701–3033 μg/g).

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374176

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ultra‐violet spectrophotormetry (UV), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS) were used to identify and quantify oligomers extracted with boiling water from two different nylon 6 films used in boil‐in‐bag food packaging. The results indicated the loss of up to 1.5% of the original nylon film weight, into the boiling water, as caprolactam and cyclic oligomers up to the nonamer. Extraction time, thickness and type of film used, were found to be parameters which affected the levels of these migrants. These results will be relevant to situations in which food is cooked in the water used to heat the pouch contents.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374177

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The overall and specific migrations of BADGEn= 0 monomer andm‐XDA hardener from a BEPOX LAB 889 (Gairesa internal code), epoxy system cured at room temperature, into three water‐based food simulants are studied. Hydrolysis of BADGEn= 0 was observed in all of these simulants, giving more polar products. We thus propose changing the EEC Directives, which at present only legislate for levels of BADGEn =0 monomer in the simulants, to include the hydrolysis products of BADGE monomers. Another alternative would be to express all the migration levels due to BADGE and its derived products in terms of BADGE itself.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374178

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Migration of styrene from thermoset polyester cookware into foods has been studied during normal cooking applications and for the fatty food simulant olive oil under high temperature test conditions. The analysis of foods was by automated headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the selected ion mode. Cyclohexane was added to the slurried foods to improve headspace partition and deuterated‐styrene was the internal standard. To achieve adequate sensitivity with olive oil, styrene was extracted and concentrated by a steam distillation method and then determined by GC/MS. Styrene in foods cooked in thermoset polyester articles was in the range <5 to 5μg/kg and 5 to 30μg/kg where the polyester contained 9 and 380 mg/kg residual monomer respectively. Testing for 2 h at 175°C into olive oil resulted in significantly higher migration of styrene than seen for other foods, although there was a marked decrease in migration on repeatuse. Testing of the complete articles as sealed systems filled with olive oil led to higher migration than testing by total immersion of plaques. Of the test methods used with olive oil, testing as filled articles with no lidding gave migration results closest to (but generally higher than) those seen for real foods.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374179

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The US Food and Drug Administration carries out incidence/level monitoring in order to acquire data on the presence and amounts of pesticide residues in particular commodity/chemical combinations. In the survey reported here, imported green coffee beans were analysed for a variety of pesticide chemicals. A total of 60 green coffee samples were collected from 21 countries that are major exporters of coffee to the United States. The samples were analysed for organochlorine/organophosphorus,N‐methyl carbamate, benomyl group and EBDC residues. Four samples had detectable residues: chlorpyrifos, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ppm and pirimiphos‐methyl, 0.01 ppm. The majority (93%) of the green coffee samples analysed in this survey had no detectable pesticide residues.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374180

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A sensitive, accurate and reproducible assay for the determination of residual concentrations of ivermectin in the tissues of farmed Atlantic salmon is described. The assay employs the clean‐up of an acetonitrile extract of salmon tissue on a Bond‐Elut C8column, followed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride. Following separation using HPLC, 22,23‐dihydroavermectin B1ais determined using fluorescence detection. The limit of detection of the assay is 1 ng per g tissue. Liver, taken from fish treated experimentally with ivermectin, was found to contain higher concentrations of 22,23‐dihydroavermectin B1athan any other tissue examined. The half‐life of 22,23‐dihydroavermectin B1awas similar in all tissues studied, ranging from 89 to 98 degree days.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374181

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor