摘要:

Snuff and chewing tobacco on the Swedish market in 1983 were analysed for tobacco‐specific and volatileN‐nitrosamines using gas chromatography—thermal energy analysis. All 36 samples of snuff analysed were found to contain detectable levels ofN'‐nitrosonornicotine,N‘‐nitrosoanatabine,N’‐nitrosoanabasine and 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐l‐butanone. Total tobacco‐specificN‐nitrosamine levels between 2–5 and 51 mg/kg wet weight were found, the mean level being 8–8 mg/kg. Detectable levels of at least two of the four tobacco‐specificN‐nitrosamines were found in all 18 samples of chewing tobacco analysed. The total concentration of tobacco‐specificN’‐nitrosamines found in chewing tobacco was between 0–1 and 7–8 mg/kg, the mean level being 21 mg/kg. The levels of volatileN‐nitrosamines found in the 54 samples of snuff and chewing tobacco were very much lower—most of the samples contained less than 10 μg/kg and the highest concentration found was 550 μg/kg. Since snuff and chewing tobacco contain relatively high levels of carcinogenicN‐nitrosamines and there is evidence of an association between the use of these tobacco products and human cancer, snuff and chewing tobacco users should be warned about the possible cancer risk involved in their habit. In addition, efforts should be made to reduce the levels ofN‐nitrosamines in snuff and chewing tobacco and the formation of these substances in the body from precursors originating from these tobacco products.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385859

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The terminalN‐nitroso derivatives of L‐prolyl‐L‐alanine, L‐prolylglycine and L‐prolyl‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline have been synthesized and characterized. A procedure suitable for their analysis in biological samples has been developed and is based on the preparation of an aqueous extract, extraction into an organic solvent, separation by high‐performance liquid chromatography and detection by a chemiluminescence method. The average recovery in all cases was above 69% at the level of 200 μg/kg using cured meat as a food matrix; the detection limit was 10 μg/kg.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385860

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385861

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In order to assess human intake of deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) from wheat sources for regulatory purposes, the effects of food processing on DON retention and distribution must be known. Two hard red spring wheats (1 and 2) naturally contaminated with DON at 7–5 μg/g and 1–4 μg/g were subjected to cleaning, tempering and scouring processes then milled in the Grain Research Laboratory (GRL) pilot mill; the low‐level wheat was also milled in an experimental mill (Allis‐Chalmers mill) and commercial‐scale pilot mill (Canadian International Grains Institute). Flours were baked into bread and, in some cases, cookies and doughnuts. No appreciable losses of DON occurred during the cleaning, millingorbaking processes. Some fractionation took place during milling: up to two‐fold increases in DON concentrations were observed in shorts and feed flour fractions, while lesser increases were found in the bran from wheat 2 (none for bran from wheat 1); there was some correlation of ash concentration with DON levels in the flour streams from GRL pilot milling of the two wheats.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385862

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A systematic investigation was carried out of the conditions employed for the post‐column iodination reaction used to enhance fluorescence sensitivity of aflatoxins B1 and G1 in reverse‐phase HPLC. The effect of post‐column reaction coil tubing dimensions, coil temperature, eluent and reagent flow rates and reagent concentration were examined and the optimum choice of each established. The maximum achievable sensitivity was shown to be 20 pg of B1 injected on column.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385863

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The migration of the antioxidantn‐octadecyl 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propionate from various plastics into the test fat HB 307 was investigated. Plastics from the following classes were included: high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS), polypropylene (PP), high‐and low‐density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE), and were found to have distinctly different properties—in particular, different densities, melt flow indices and structural characteristics.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385864

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The kinetics of elimination into milk of sodium penicillin G, procaine penicillin G, benzathine penicillin G, ampicillin and amoxycillin residues have been determined after intramuscular administration of eleven drugs chosen among those commercially available in France. These investigations will be used as a basis to estimate and harmonize the withdrawal times demanded for veterinary drugs. The quantitative analysis of residues was carried out by a cylinder plate microbiological method with Bacillus stearothermophilus as test organism. The threshold of detection is 0–001 unit (or μg)/ml of milk. The mean durations of elimination are four milkings for the association sodium penicillin G and procaine penicillin G, from seven to eight milkings for procaine penicillin G alone, from 19 to 33 milkings for benzathine penicillin G, and from three to five milkings for ampicillin and amoxycillin.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385865

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Safety and Quality in Food: Developments in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Volume 17.Proceedings of a DSA Symposium ‘Wholesome Food for All. Views of the Animal Health Industries’ held in Brussels, 29–30 March 1984. (Elsevier, Amsterdam‐Oxford‐New York‐Tokyo, 1984), pp. xi + 258. $36.50 (Dfl. 95.00). ISBN 0–444–42409.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385866

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385867

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652038409385858

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor