摘要:

Retail samples of Canadian butter and margarine wrapped in aluminium foil‐paper laminate were found to contain dibutyl, butyl benzyl and/or di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DBP, BBP, DEHP) as packaging migrants at levels up to 10.6, 47.8 and 11.9μg/g, respectively. These phthalates were determined by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC‐FID) after clean‐up of the separated oil by sweep co‐distillation. The phthalate esters found in the contacted butter or margarine were also found in the contacting wrappers. They were determined in wrapper extracts by liquid chromatography with diode array detection or by GC‐FID. Analysis of unused wrappers showed 76–88% of the total DBP and DEHP to be present on the foil (outer) surface as a component of the protective coating (washcoat). The remainder of the DBP and DEHP was found on the food‐contacting paper surface, presumably by transfer from the outer to inner surface during storage in tightly wound rolls, although transfer of phthalate esters, if present in the paper‐foil adhesive, cannot be ruled out. Food‐contacting surface concentrations of DBP and DEHP were found to be 2.4 to 4.7 and 2.8 to 3.6 fig/cm2, respectively. Samples of each packaging component: paper, foil, adhesive, washcoat and inks were analysed for phthalate esters and only the washcoat was found to contain phthalate esters.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374064

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study was carried out of the leaching of aluminium from aluminium cooking vessels and packages. Very small or undetectable levels of aluminium leached from packaging materials into foodstuffs. In boiling tests with neutral porridge no migration of aluminium into the test matrix was observed from the pan. When boiling milk, the leaching of aluminium was 0·2–0·8 mg/kg. The aluminium content of tap water in aluminium pans when reaching boiling point was 0.54–4.3 mg/1 and increased with increasing boiling time to 6.3–17 mg/1. Aluminium dissolved in foods based on acidic fruit juice rose to levels of 2.9–35 mg/kg when the foods were boiled in aluminium pans. Steaming of currant berries in an aluminium vessel gave aluminium concentrations of 19–77 mg/kg in the resulting juice. The highest aluminium concentration of 170 mg/kg was measured in rhubarb juice prepared in the steaming vessel. Aluminium dissolved in water to levels of 0.81–1.4 mg/1 when heated for the first time in new coffee percolators. The aluminium concentration of water heated in older percolators was 0.09–0.78 mg/1.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374065

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Lead concentrations were measured in boiled, mashed potatoes and in baked potatoes that had been prepared and cooked in domestic kitchens. Levels of lead in the boiled, mashed potatoes ranged from below the 1μg/kg limit of detection up to 18μg/kg with a mean of 6μg/kg (wet weight). In the large majority of cases the lead in the tap water was the predominant source of the metal. Higher amounts of lead (range 11μg/kg to 56μg/kg, mean 27μg/kg) were present in baked potatoes and this was attributed to soil adhering to the potato skin. The extent of leaching of lead from bone during cooking has also been investigated. For beef stocks there was little evidence to suggest that significant migration of bone lead occurred. For beef casseroles, marinaded in red wine, some leaching did occur from beef joints containing elevated amounts of bone lead; however the levels were all below 350μg/kg and, on average, less than double that found in casseroles prepared from normal joints where the bone lead levels were an order of magnitude less.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374066

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Retail samples of livers from calf (23), ox (18), lamb (17), pig (15), chicken (16) and turkey (1) were analysed to determine levels of vitamin A (all trans‐retinol) and to aid assessment of the effects of using vitamin supplemented compound feedingstuffs for livestock. For comparison, 22 liver samples from lambs reared on diets not containing vitamin‐supplemented compound feedingstuffs and four samples of liver from ox which had received supplemented feed but not during the last four months prior to slaughter were also analysed. The chosen method of analysis utilized saponification, solvent extraction and normal‐phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. For all species analysed, the levels of vitamin A ranged from 10 to 1100 mg/kg, with all but seven at or below 400 mg/kg. For lamb and ox livers, the mean levels were 310 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively for retail samples. The mean levels were 220 mg/kg (lamb) and 120 mg/kg (ox) in liver samples from animals fed controlled diets. The results are of the same order as those reported over recent years.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374067

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

HPTLC was used to check for residues of benomyl, carbendazim, ethoxyquin and thiabendazole in apples and pears. The method used showed good precision with a percentage coefficient of variation of less than 5%; recoveries were always greater than 90%. The limits of determination using HPTLC were always at least four times lower than Italian statutory limits. Selectivity with respect to other matrix components was excellent for all fruit varieties tested. Comparison with HPLC confirmed the validity of the results.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374068

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Some total diet studies are based on the selection and analysis of core foods in a national or regional food supply. One way to select core foods is by computerized evaluation of the daily food intakes reported by subjects participating in national food consumption surveys. The foods consumed by the population groups of concern may be aggregated into core food groups. The foods within each group may be ranked according to daily intake and weight percentage of the total diet. The food that best represents each group may then be identified as a core food, and the daily consumption levels for each food group may then be assigned to the core food representing the group. Consumption levels may be determined for the specific age‐sex categories of concern. To assess the representativeness of core foods identified in this manner, the food composition database of the national survey may be used to determine nutrient intakes based on the full range of foods in the database versus nutrient intakes based on the core foods.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374069

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A database interface standard incorporating the food description language LANGUAL is under development to allow international exchange of food composition, food consumption, and other food‐related data. The first step in this project is the refinement and implementation of a schema for the interface standard. This schema includes descriptive terms for LANGUAL factors and other aspects of foods. The second step is the development of a repertoire of personal computer programs for retrieval of food data, using the standard interface. The third step calls for the dissemination of the results of this project to an international audience through demonstration projects for international symposia and pilot tests for scientific applications.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374070

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

FOODPLAS VIII—91: Plastics in Food Packaging, Proceedings from the Eight Annual Foodplas Conference, March 5–7, 1991, Orlando, USA.Technomic Publishing Company, Inc. (USA), 1991 pp. 381. Price SFF. 330, ISBN 0–87762–866–1

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374071

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374072

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374063

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor