摘要:

An automated method for control of oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in chicken and bovine muscle, salmon liver, bovine milk and hen egg has been developed. Tissue homogenate, decreamed milk or whole egg solution was dialysed and the dialysate enriched on a small polystyrene column on‐line to HPLC. OTC and the internal standard (tetracycline) were separated on a polystyrene column by ion‐pair chromatography. The column effluent was mixed with sodium hydroxide and irradiated at 366 nm. Monitoring the resulting derivatives with a fluorescence detector (excitation: 358 nm, emission: 460 nm), OTC could be detected at 1 ng/ml in milk, 1 ng/g in egg, 3–4 ng/g in muscle and 8 ng/g in liver. Relative standard deviations at 50 and 200 ng/g (milk: 20 and 100 ng/ml) ranged from 1.6 to 3.1%.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374116

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ten 3‐month‐old pigs were treated with feed containing 300 mg furazolidone per kg for a period of 7 days, followed by withdrawal periods of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks (two per group). The treatment resulted in the formation of protein‐bound metabolites containing an intact 3‐amino‐2‐oxazolidinone (AOZ) side‐chain that could be chemically released and then detected in liver, kidney and rump muscle tissues even 4 weeks after dosing. In tissues from animals killed at the end of the medication period, 993, 600 and 124 ng of AOZ were released from 1 g of liver, kidney and muscle respectively. In the tissues of the animals killed after a further 4 weeks the corresponding levels were 41, 7 and 10 ng/g respectively. It may be concluded that long withdrawal periods prior to slaughter for human consumption are required for pigs treated with furazolidone, because of the long residence time of protein‐bound AOZ and the possibility that it might be released from its protein‐bound form in the stomach and subsequently be transformed into a hydrazine.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374117

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Australian isolates ofFusariumspecies were grown on potato dextrose agar. Trichothecenes produced by these species were extracted by ethyl acetate followed by methanol and a silica gel column was used to clean‐up the extract. The extracted samples were derivatized by acetylation with trifluoroacetic anhydride and the derivatives analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Multiple ion detection was used to trace ions characteristic of the trichothecenes expected to be present. Quantitation of those found was based on a known mass of pentabromophenol that was added as an internal standard. Eight species ofFusarium(nineteen strains) were surveyed, of which three species,F. acuminatum, F. equisetiandF. sporotrichioidesproduced the trichothecenes scirpentriol, diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, HT‐2 toxin, T‐2 toxin, T‐2 tetraol and deoxynivalenol. Wheat samples were inoculated with four different species ofFusarium, F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. graminearumandF. sporotrichioidesand in these samples diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, HT‐2 toxin and T‐2 toxin were found.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374118

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During the barley harvest in June 1990, there was a great deal of rainfall and high humidity in the southern part of Korea, and natural occurrence ofFusariummycotoxins was suspected in barley samples. The samples of undergrade barley were obtained from four provinces and analysed for the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) by gas chromatography and zearalenone (ZEN) by high performance liquid chromatography. Of 37 samples, 33, 37 and 10 were positive for DON, NIV and ZEN, respectively. The husked barley contained 29–677 ng/g for DON, 114–1546 ng/g for NIV and 183–1416 ng/g for ZEN. The naked barley contained 38–645 ng/g for DON, 85–4569 ng/g for NIV and 40–1081 ng/g for ZEN. The average concentration of NIV in naked barley was higher than that in husked barley, but the average concentration of DON in husked barley was higher than that in naked barley. The survey indicates that the 1990 barley crop in Korea was heavily contaminated withFusariummycotoxins.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374119

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The mycotoxin contamination of feed components used by the Dutch cooperative feed industry was surveyed to estimate the risk for animal production losses.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374120

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Evidence is presented which establishes that mackerel fed in captivity can, by relay from contaminated shellfish via sand eels, accumulate paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) in the edible flesh at a level (250μg saxitoxin equivalents per kg) similar to that in the contaminated shellfish. Data from ELISAs performed independently in two laboratories show that commercial mackerel fillets which have been associated with incidents of scombrotoxicosis contained 0.02–1.30μg saxitoxin equivalents per kg, concentrations some two to four orders of magnitude below that normally detectable by the mouse bioassay. The doses, expressed as saxitoxin equivalents, administered inadvertently during volunteer testing of such fillets ranged up to 0.5 ng/kg bw, at least four orders of magnitude less than the fatal oral dose for an adult. The doses associated with the rapid induction of nausea/vomiting and/or diarrhoea, 0.11–1.0 ng/kg bw, could not be distinguished from the doses which failed to produce such symptoms in susceptible volunteers (up to 0.5 ng/kg bw). Factors that might explain this lack of correlation between dose (saxitoxin equivalents) and volunteer response are discussed along with previously published reports of PSP relay through the food web. It is suggested that the relay of algal toxins, particularly PSP, but possibly in combination with diarrhetic shellfish poisons, may be responsible for scombrotoxicosis.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374121

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A comprehensive survey of the consumption of intense sweeteners in Great Britain in 1988 quantified the levels of usage of different sweeteners and identified their distribution between food categories and population subgroups. Saccharin was found to be the most widely used intense sweetener. Beverages were the most common source of intense sweeteners. The quantities consumed of all sweeteners were found to be below the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) values established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, the European Commission Scientific Committee for Food or the UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374122

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039209374115

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor