摘要:

Twelve random samples of mouldy maize collected during the 1991 harvest season from farms at different locations in Jos district, Nigeria, were screened primarily for contamination by theFusariummycotoxins nivalenol, fusarenon‐X and HT‐2 toxin. All the three mycotoxins were detected: nivalenol in three samples, (0.8–1.0 mg), fusarenon‐X in four samples (3.0–15.0 mg) and HT‐2 in only one sample (3.0 mg/kg). Deoxynivalenol (three samples) and T‐2 toxin (one sample) were also detected. Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol co‐contaminated the same samples, with nivalenol being present at much lower levels than the former. The maize samples were not destined for human consumption.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374160

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A sensitive method was developed for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV),α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL),β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL) and zearalenone (ZEN) in beer by capillary gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) of their heptafluorobutyrate (HFB) derivatives. Recoveries averaging 90–103% were obtained from beers spiked with each mycotoxin in the 5–20 ng/ml concentration range. Limits of detection were 0.1–1.5 ng DON/ml, 0.01–0.3 ng NIV/ml, 2.5–3 ngα‐andβ‐ZEL/ml, and 1.5–2 ng ZEN/ml. Twenty‐nine of 50 samples of Canadian and imported beer surveyed were found to contain DON; of these nine contained greater than 5 ng/ml (up to 50 ng/ml). The identity of DON was confirmed by response ratios atm/z670 andm/z884 for the HFB derivative andm/z497 andm/z512 for the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative. NIV was also detected in three beer samples (0.1–0.84 ng/ml) but no α‐ZEL,β‐ZEL or ZEN was found

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374161

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The embryotoxic and teratogenic potential of monomethylhydrazine (MMH), a toxic component of the widely consumed false morel (Gyromitra esculenta),was studied in rat. Groups of pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats received MMH as a constant i.v. infusion via implanted osmotic minipumps (1.2, 3.0, 4.2, 6.0, 9.0 or 13.2 mg MMH /kg bw/day) on days 6–13 of pregnancy, or as a single intragastric bolus (1 mg MMH/kg/bw or 5 mg MMH/kg/bw) on day 6 of pregnancy. Controls received corresponding amounts of saline. The average maternal serum concentrations, measured during the infusion treatment with a sensitive HPLC method, ranged from 0.072μg MMH/ml (lowest dose) to 0.60μg MMH/ml (highest dose). The average serum levels measured 45 min after the intragastric application (peak levels) were 0.28μg MMH/ml and l.6μg MMH/ml, respectively. Serum concentrations of MMH corresponding to those measured in the lower dose groups in this study were seen in pilot studies after a single mushroom meal in human volunteers. A dose‐dependent, statistically significant increase in the number of resorptions was seen in all but the lowest dose group after the infusion of MMH. In addition, except for the two lowest doses, there was a dramatic, dose‐dependent decrease in the pregnancy rate as compared to controls, with no pregnancies occurring at the two highest dose level groups. The decreased pregnancy rate was probably due to preimplantation loss which was shown to occur after a single intragastric bolus dose of MMH (5 mg/kg bw). No significant differences in the incidences of external and skeletal malformations and in fetal body weights were seen between the treated groups and controls in the two experiments. The results of the present study seem to warrant caution concerning the consumption of the false morel in women desiring pregnancy.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374162

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In order to investigate the levels of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mainly benzo[a]pyrene because of its carcinogenicity, 55 samples of smoke flavour and smoked foods were analysed. The samples tested included 11 samples of liquid smoke flavour and 44 samples of smoked foods like bacon, loin, turkey, sausage, ox rib, etc. from different brands. A liquid Chromatographic method was developed using a fluorescence detector. Benzo [a] pyrene was found in 73% of the liquid smoke flavour samples analysed. The levels varied from 0.1 to 336.6μg/kg. Three liquid smoke flavour samples showed levels of benzo [a] pyrene above the maximum level recommended by FAO/WHO (10μg/kg). From the total of 44 smoked food samples analysed, benzo(a)pyrene was detected in 23 samples (52%). The levels varied from 0.1 to 5.9μg/kg. Anthracene and fluoranthene, non‐carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found in almost all the samples analysed. Benzo [ghi] perylene, 3, 4‐benzofluoranthene and 1,2,3,4‐dibenzopyrene were not found in any of the 55 samples analysed.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374163

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The concentrations of selected organochlorine contaminants in Swedish human milk have been determined in a number of studies conducted at the National Food Administration during the 1980s. It was shown that the time of sampling post‐partum (subsequent to childbirth) had little effect on the levels of the DDT complex,β‐HCH, HCB and PCBs in breast milk fat. However, the levels of these compounds decreased with increasing parity (number of children born). For this reason it is recommended that primiparae (women nursing their first child) be sampled when comparing levels over time and in milk from mothers from different geographical areas. The levels of organochlorine compounds in the fat of breast milk from primiparae living in different parts of Sweden were similar. Finally, a study on time trends in concentrations of these compounds in milk from mothers living in Uppsala showed that a marked decline in levels has taken place during the 1980s.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374164

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Monitoring of human milk samples for the presence of chemical contaminants has been carried out in Canada for several decades. In 1986–87 over 400 donations of human milk were collected nationwide and 100 of these, selected by province according to population, were analysed for the PCDDs/PCDFs. The results show the presence of about eleven different analytes all with 2,3,7,8‐substitution with the PCDDs at higher and more variable concentrations than the PCDFs. On a 2,3,7,8‐TCDD toxic equivalents (TEQ) basis, the mean value for the country is about 15 ng per kg milk fat. This TEQ value is similar to that from many other industrialized nations and about 50% lower than certain European states. Little or no variation was apparent in the milk content among the various Canadian provinces probably reflecting the uniformity of the general food supply across the country. Limited data over a period of five years suggest the average level of these compounds in human milk may be decreasing.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374165

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A total of 412 breast milk samples from women in all provinces of Canada were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls, eight chlorinated benzenes, 2,3‐dichloronaphthalene, Mirex,α, β, γandδhexachlorocyclohexane,αandγchlordane, oxychlordane,transnonachlor,p,p'‐DDT and some analogues, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin and octachlorostyrene. Noδ‐hexachlorocyclohexane, heptachlor or aldrin were found in any of the samples, while median levels of the 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4‐ and 1,2,3,5‐tetrachlorobenzenes,γchlordane, o,p’‐DDT and octachlorostyrene were all less than the minimum detectable level (MDL). All other compounds were present at median levels ranging from <0.1 to 7.2 ng/g whole milk, but did not occur in all samples. Di to tetrachlorobenzenes, except 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene, 2,3‐dichloronaphthalene andα‐chlordane were observed in <50% of the samples. From 1967 to 1986 a steady decline of hexachlorobenzene, γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane, DDTs, heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin was observed in Canadian breast milk. In addition, a decrease in some chlorinated benzenes, γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane and PCBs was also observed between 1982 and 1986. Levels of oxychlordane andtrans‐nonachlor remained constant. Canadian breast milk contamination appears to be one of the lowest among the industrialized nations. Regional and provincial differences in residue levels appeared minimal, although more often samples from Quebec and British Columbia had higher levels of some contaminants, such as oxychlordane, than samples from other provinces. No relationship was found between maternal age and residue levels, but some contaminants, such as PCBs, were significantly higher in the milk of mothers who breastfed their first child as compared to multiparous mothers. Breast milk residue levels were not related to fish consumption.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374166

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The influence of electron beam irradiation on migrational behaviour of additives present in food packaging material was studied. The migration experiments were carried out on irradiated and non‐irradiated polypropylene pouches containing aqueous food simulating liquids (FSL) for 10 days at 40°C. The controls were irradiated and non‐irradiated pouches without FSL contact. After the contact period, the polypropylene and the FSL were analysed. A comparison between the results obtained by the two analyses showed the migration of three products of antioxidant degradation from the polypropylene into the FSL, and a partial decomposition of these migrants in the FSL.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374167

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A survey of plasticizers in printing inks present in a selection of food packaging including confectionery, snacks, crisps, potatoes, chocolate bars and biscuits, has been carried out both in England and Spain. The identification of the polymer used as packaging showed that almost all of them were oriented polypropylene. Printing inks that are always used on the outer surface contain phthalates as major plasticizers,N‐ethyl‐ andN‐methyltoluenesulphonamides and tris(2‐ethylhexyl)trimellitate were found in some of the samples studied. Several food samples were also analysed to check the level of plasticizers migrating from printing inks.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374168

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The elimination into bovine milk of sulphonamides (sulphadimidine and sulphamethoxypyridazine) and dapsone following intramammary infusion was studied. Determination of sulphonamides and dapsone in milk was performed by a high performance liquid Chromatographic method with UV detection. The limit of quantification was 0.01μg/ml. Withdrawal times were established considering the maximum residue limits fixed by the European Community (100μg/kg for sulphonamides and 25μg/kg for dapsone). The diffusion of residues into milk from a quarter infused by the intramammary route to the untreated quarters was also studied.

ISSN:0265-203X    

DOI:10.1080/02652039309374169

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor