摘要:

AbstractSilicon solar cells of lowly doped base, under concentration, show a slope in the low voltage region. the slope varies with the irradiance and is similar in some aspects to that caused by a shunt resistance. This apparent shunt resistance reduces the fill factor and the efficiency. In consequence, such cells cannot operate effectively at concentrations above 20 suns.Actually, this apparent shunt resistance is due to the transition from low to high injection in the cell base. This is confirmed by an accurate simulation using the PC1D code. A semi‐quantitative model of the mechanism is developed. It is shown that by thinning the cells the mechanism is strongly reduced. Thin cells are fabricated virtually free of low voltage slope at concentrations of 80 suns.Also, the existing short‐circuit current sub‐linearity is avoided in the thinned

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMicrocharacterization of the luminescent, structural, electrical and topographical properties of thin films of close‐spaced sublimation (CSS)‐fabricated CdTe was performed. the film morphology was found to be dependent on the film thickness, deposition conditions and post‐deposition treatment. the complementary use of electron beam‐induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis in the scanning electron microscope demonstrated large inter‐ and intragrain inhomogeneities in the luminescent and electrical properties of the films. Follow‐on plan‐view examinations with the transmission electron microscope revealed varying densities of structural dejects, such as stacking faults and threading dislocations, which could explain the variations observed in the CL and EBIC images. Consisting primarily of experimental observations and comments, this report is phenomenologi

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new approach to high‐performance a‐Si solar cells was studied. a‐Si films prepared at a high substrate temperature (>250°C) have a higher absorption coefficient and a low SiH2bond density. the effect of deposition temperature on the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) has been investigated systematically for glass/SnO2 Ipin/metal and glass/metal/nip/indium tin oxide (ITO) structure a‐Si solar cells. The Vocis found to depend strongly on the thermal history of the p/i interface. A short‐circuit current of 19.5 mA/cm−−2was achieved for an a‐Si solar cell using an a‐Si i‐layer with a thickness of 4000 Å, which was prepared at a subst

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe PERC cell (passivated emitter and rear cell) and PERL (passivated emitter and rear locally‐diffiused) cell have recently demonstrated improved cell performance owing to the high quality of surface passivation and high bulk carrier lifetimes. the effect of temperature on the performance of these cells is reported. As anticipated, owing to higher open‐circuit voltages these cells should have a lower temperature sensitivity of performance. the PERL cells demonstrated a normalized efficiency temperature variation of −2632 ppm °C−−1, which is the lowest ever reported for a silicon cell. However, PERC cells with a similarly high open‐circuit voltage showed a higher temperature sensitivity owing to the bulk resistance component, which limits the performance o

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe passivated emitter and rear locally diffused cell structure has been redesigned and has yielded independently confirmed one‐sun eficiencies of up to 23.5%, the highest ever for a silicon cell. A dotted front emitter contact design, PBr3liquid‐source phosphorus diffusions and 400‐μm thick 10‐cm diameter wafers have contributed to this improvement. Some of the new cells have demonstrated open‐circuit voltages of 709 mV with an ‘inverted’ pyramid surface structure, the highest ever for a 23%‐efficiency silicon cell. Further improvement is expected in

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUpdated tables showing the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and several new entries since January 1994 are briefly described.

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor photovoltaic (PV) technology to play an increasing role in the utility sector at its present price, the technology needs to be developed in a manner that is consistent with, and takes advantage of, the economics of the demand‐side management (DSM) market. High‐value applications in this direction are for photovoltaics to perform a DSM function either as a direct load control (DLC) device or as a peak‐shaving option, which has the effect of raising the end‐use efficiency of customers' electrical equipment. This paper describes two PV‐DSM applications involving a water heater and an air conditioner studied at a residential PV test facility, Solar One House, located on the campus of the University of Delaware. A single 55‐W PV module directly connected to an electric water heater was found to offset standby and mixing losses, resulting in a 2°C increase in water temperature at the end of the afternoon compared to the standard DLC (grid‐disconnected) case. A conservatively sized PV array without storage could meet the house air‐conditioning load over 97% of the time from noon to 3 p.m., but only 69% from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. If a PV system is combined with an air‐conditioning cycling program, success rates for supply of an air‐conditioning load are greatly increased, meeting almost 100% of the load between noon and 3 p.m. and 85% during 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. Furthermore, our results suggest that a modest‐size PV array with storage could significantly shave peak air‐conditioning loads during 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., thus reducing the peak demand faced by a utility. Preliminary analyses support the economic compatibility of a PV system as a DLC devic

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe combination of a rising demand for reliable, low‐cost energy and an increased awareness of environmental quality issues has created new business opportunities for photovoltaics, especially in applications without an installed electric utility grid lin

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe MONOCHESS consortium, formed in the framework of the JOULE programme of the European Union, is presented. Its goal is the cooperation between laboratories and companies for the development of cheaper monocrystalline silicon 1‐sun and concentration cells. Objectives and key results already achieved are describe

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY