摘要:

AbstractIn this paper we present the influence of each atmospheric parameter on the global solar spectral irradiance and also show how the short‐circuit current of a conventional Si solar cell. These results and the presented method are useful for analysing the outdoor performance of Si photovoltaic (PV) devices. For this reason we present a set of equations that can help to correct the short‐circuit current of the cell, in relation to the US standard atmosphere, when outdoor measurements are made. the method used is to simulate the global spectral solar irradiance under cloudless skies, using a set of equations selected from the literature, and the spectral short‐circuit current density of the silicon cell. the influence of atmospheric parameters on the solar cell current is known using the ratio of solar cell current density to global solar irradiance. We conclude that the atmospheric parameters (air mass, precipitable water amount, Angström's turbidity coefficient and aerosol particle size distribution) produce significant variation on Si cell short‐circuit current. We suggest taking account of them when studying the performance of PV devices under outdoor co

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe performance of InP solar cells has been limited by low open‐circuit voltages. While the reported short‐circuit current densities are approaching the theoretical limit, the open‐circuit voltages have yet to obtain what is expected from a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.35 eV. This work investigates the factors that determine the open‐circuit voltage and presents the design and fabrication of a novel high open‐circuit voltage p‐n InP solar cell. the key aspect of the novel design is a complete analysis of the top contact metallization effects on the reverse saturation current density and the open‐circuit voltage. the features of the design are not specific to InP solar cells but are applicable to other advanced material solar cells that require a thin emitter for an optimal design (those materials with a high absorption coefficient). By minimizing the reverse saturation current density, a high open‐circuit voltage and high efficiency may be obtained. In addition, a complete analysis of the solar cell modelling is provided, with comparisons to other published InP solar cell models and device results to juxtapose the key material and design pa

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmitter diffusions for conventional high‐efficiency silicon solar cells have commonly been designed to be very shallow to improve the short‐wavelength response of the cells. This first part of a two‐part paper has a substantial tutorial content and analyses the effect of the emitter design on cell performance with different cell surface passivation conditions. the analysis shows that shallow emitters are only necessary for cells with poor surface passivation. In contrast, high‐efficiency cells with good surface passivation do not necessarily need shallow emitters. the application of these design insights into recent generations of high‐efficiency passivated emitter solar cells is also

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver the last decade there have been substantial improvements in the performance of silicon solar cells. This second part of a two‐part paper examines the implications for use in space. High‐efficiency cells, including cells of above 20% Air Mass 0 efficiency were exposed to 1 MeV of electron irradiation. Although the relative performance loss was higher, the cells gave higher performance than conventional silicon space cells even after 5 × 1015cm−21‐MeV electron radiation damage. However, spectral response measurement shows that the rapid degradation mainly came from damage on the emitter surface. This can be accommodated simply by shallow emitter designs. the efficiency of an optimized silicon space cell is expected to be over 14% after 1 × 1015cm−21 MeV electro

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFast deposition rates, typical for very high frequency (VHF) plasma deposition, up to now have mainly been attributed to a more efficient silane decomposition as the results of an enhanced density of high‐energy electrons in the plasma.In this work a‐Si:H was prepared at excitation frequencies in a wide frequency range between 25 and 250 MHz and at otherwise constant conditions. In order to understand the processes leading to the observed increase in deposition rate with frequency, the plasma was investigated by optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Plasma‐substrate interactions were studied by impedance analysis and ion flux measurements. the results show that the high deposition rates are mainly the result of an increased surface reactivity of film precursors resulting from the ions impinging on the growth surface. It is shown that variation of the excitation frequency allows a flexible control of ion flux and energies. Conditions were optimized for the preparation of a‐Ge:H films, which require a flux of high‐energy ions to the substrate. Material properties were obtained that were comparable to results from deposition on the cathode of a radio frequency (RF)

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUpadated tables showing the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and the eight new entries since January 1993 are briefly described.

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA conventional cell holder comprises a temperature‐controlled plate, the cell being held by vacuum suction. Pairs of probes are put in contact with the front grid. Different plates are required for various cell sizes. Holding thin and/or bent cells is critical. Probes may cause damage.The proposed holder has a simple vacuum groove and is divided into two conductive areas. the cell is covered with a transparent plastic foil and a vacuum is applied to the groove. the plastic foil presses the cell and the interconnector on their respective areas, providing uniform pressure, realistic electrical configuration and reduced risk of breakage. One holder plate is sufficient for all cell sizes.As the measurement is made by comparison to a ‘primary standard cell’, the foil's optical effect is taken into account by using it also on top of the sta

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1988, researchers at the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) formulated the hypothesis that strategically sited photovoltaics (PV) could provide substantial local benefits to a utility's electrical transmission and distribution (T&D) system. Initial modelling of simulated data confirmed this hypothesis. These results indicated a need for empirical testing through operation of a commercial‐scale grid‐support PV plant within an appropriate utility T&D system. Towards this end, a comprehensive research plan was formulated to characterize and evaluate local and system benefits. Local benefits to be evaluated are: extended distribution transformer life, increased distribution planning area capacity, extended load tap changer life and maintenance intervals, reduced electrical line losses, improved system voltage, improved distribution system reliability and increased transmission system capacity. System benefits to be evaluated are: reduced system energy production costs, reduced requirements for additional generation capacity, reduced minimum load operation costs and reduced environmental impacts of fossil energy generation.A 500 kW PV plant serving PG&E's Kerman Substation near Fresno, California, was selected and built as part of the Photovoltaics for Utility Scale Applications project. the plant began operating in April 1993, 6 months after construction was initiated, and evaluation of the benefits was initiated. Confirmation of the original hypothesis‐that strategically sited PV generation provides substantial benefits to selected T&D systems‐will demonstrate that PG&E and other utilities may be able to serve customers in a more cost‐effective and environmentally sensitive manner. In the process, utilities could provide new markets for PV and other modular generation tec

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670010310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY