ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the past, there has been a tendency to regard silicon cells as a stop‐gap ‘workhorse’, providing a photovoltaic presence in the market but with displacement by a more ideal technology being inevitable. Developments over the past decade encourage a re‐evaluation of this conception.This paper explores the proposition that, rather than being a stop‐gap, silicon has the potential to become the ultimate photovoltaic solution. Strengths relative to other emerging photovoltaic technologies are outlined, as are three alternative, and possibly complementary, routes for future evolution of the technology. the strengths lie in the presently established market position, the on‐going improvements to the technology and the remaining scope for future improvement and the sustainability of silicon‐based technology. the three possible routes for future evolution are the on‐going development of present bulk substrate approaches, the use of silicon cells in concentrators ranging from low‐concentration stationary systems to high‐concentration tracking systems, and thin‐fi

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses future extraterrestrial applications for which crystalline silicon solar cells can be used. Current operating requirements for cells in space are discussed, and the range of future space missions is reviewed to select those missions where silicon cells can be used successfully.The decision to use silicon cells will not be based on technical considerations alone. It is necessary also to consider other factors that will affect the decision, including detailed user requirements, proven performance for production cells and competition from other cell designs. We have indicated some areas of development that will help facilitate the use of silicon cells.

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFailures of power conditioning systems and balance of system (BOS) components have been responsible for the majority of system downtime in virtually all of the USA's large grid‐tied photovoltaic (PV) power plants. For these and future PV power plants, therefore, improvements in component reliability must be made before the design goal of a 30‐year system liftime can be attained. Advances in technology can increase reliability and still reduce costs of PV modules and power conditioning systems.However, since BOS components come generally from mature technologies, increased reliability must be attained through the purchase of higher quality compone

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe message of this paper is simple. Many of the concepts developed in the 1970s and 1980s that defined the limitations of Czochralski (Cz) silicon photovoltaic technology need to be re‐examined in light of new developments in all areas of the technology, from silicon feedstock costs, to Czochralski crystal growth, to the introduction of wire saw technology, to novel cell designs and processing. Present studies indicate that Czochralski silicon is capable of achieving module costs in the $2 W−−1range.Programs to reduce manufacturing costs by reducing the direct and indirect material costs and improving process throughput and yields are showing su

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incorporation of eficiency enhancement techniques and the use of high‐eficiency process sequences have led to the fabrication of polycrystalline silicon solar cells with efficiencies nearing 18% in the laboratory by various investigators. In this paper a number of cell process sequences used to fabricate high‐efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar cells are reviewed. A cost‐benefit analysis of the efficiency enhancement techniques was performed using the Interim Price Estimation Guidelines 2 model, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA. the figure of merit used to compare the sequences was that the cost of additional power, generated by the efficiency enhancement technique, should be less than the selling price of the product. Techniques like oxide passivation and emitter etch‐back, and sequences like the buried‐contact process, were found to be cost

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRapid thermal processing can offer many advantages, such as small overall thermal budget and low power and time consumption, in a strategy focused on cost‐effective techniques for the preparation of solar cells in a continuous way. We show here that this very short duration (a few tens of seconds) of isothermal heating performed in a lamp furnace can be used for many thermal steps of silicon solar cell processing. Rapid thermal processing was applied to form the p‐n junction from a phosphorus‐doped spin‐on silica film deposted on (100) silicon substrates at typical processing temperatures between 800 and 1100°C. the solar cells showed conversion efficiencies as good as those processed in a conventi

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on the fabrication of high‐eficiency back‐side contact silicon solar cells in large volume for the '93 World Solar Challenge. the cells were used exclusively on the winning car, the Dream, made by Honda R&D Company, Ltd. the cell efficiencies were between 20% and 22% (AMI.5G, 25°C) (G = global) and the average cell efficiency was greater than 21%. an important program of quality control was necessary to maintain a tight efficiency distribution and a high fabrication y

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on performance, material availability, consumer acceptance, life expectancy, environmental considerations and the potential for low cost, thin‐film polycrystalline silicon solar cells are well placed to have a significant impact in the future. of key importance will be the achievement of performance targets, because module efficiencies of at least 15% are probably necessary in the long term for photovoltaics to have a significant impact in grid‐connected applications. Strategies for achieving these performance levels with mediocre material quality and only moderate surface passivation and light trapping are presented. the challenges associated with the supporting substrate choice and layer depostion techniques and structures are discussed and the psesent practices reviewed. Important considerations include device performance, cost, throughput, device area and simplicity of fabrication and operation. Promising efficiencies in the vicinity of 15% have already been demonstrated using a number of different crystalline silicon layer‐formation techniques. Novel device structures based on incorporation of narrow bandgap materials (Si/Ge alloys) or defect layers, quantum wells and the impurity photovoltaic effect are considered, with particular emphasis given to approaches that compensate for the current loss in thin‐film cells. It appears increasingly likely that polycrystalline silicon thin‐film solar cells will have an impact on the development of photovoltaics in the future and may in fact provide the means for the substantial cost reductions necessary for significant penetration into utilit

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFuture crystalline silicon solar cells will have increased performance and reduced cost. Increased performance will come from thin silicon with light trapping, provided that it includes back‐surface passivation. Cost reduction will come from the growth of this thin silicon light‐trapping structure on a low‐cost substrate. the silicon will be polycrystalline. Solar cells formed with thin (<50 μm) silicon active layers can produce higher conversion efficiencies at reduced material requirements than conventional ingot‐based silicon devices. This paper presents the essential features of high‐performance device design based on thin silicon layers, the design features of the Silicon‐Film−TMtechnology, the sequence of products that emerge from its development and recent results from the first commercial‐scale, large‐area (225 cm−2) Silicon‐Fil

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY