摘要:

68 patients given an ICD (international classification of diseases) diagnosis of schizo-affective disorder during a hospitalization and consecutively treated in a lithium outpatient clinic were investigated. In a ‘polydiagnostic approach’ the overlaps and differences between different classificatory systems were assessed. A grouping of the patients according to a ‘schizophrenic axial syndrome’ with an emphasis on specific thought disorders showed significant differences between these groups in regard to the development of residual symptoms. Furthermore, a relationship between the absence of the schizophrenic axial syndrome and a good response to prophylactic lithium treatment was o

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283965

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The concept of ‘schizo-affective psychoses’ covers favourable as well as unfavourable forms of endogenous psychoses. Thus, it does not help us for a nosological classification which must also allow for the prognosis. In order to make a prognostic distinction we have to subdivide the schizo-affective psychoses into the ‘cycloid psychoses’ and the ‘non-systematic schizophrenias’. Also the latter display affective symptoms and can take a bipolar course, but, despite this, tend to deterioration; they do so increasingly shift after shift, whereas the cycloid psychoses completely recover after every phase. Even during the first phase or shift a reliable differential diagnosis can be made. This has been confirmed by follow-up examinations, as the cycloid psychotics, in fact, had recovered. Only very few misdiagnoses could be detected. If we want to classify prognostically, we must separate the cycloid psychoses from the true sch

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283966

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Most recent research has failed to demonstrate that first-rank symptoms (FRS), globally or individually, have any ability to predict outcome. Yet, some findings have suggested that misidentification of person (Personenverkennung) and/or thought insertion and/or made impulses on the one hand, and voices commenting on the other, might be associated with a good and a poor prognosis, respectively, in schizophrenia. In the present study, FRS, weighted with respect to prognosis on the basis of this hypothesis, were used to arbitrarily set up subsamples of RDC schizo-affective disorders in terms of several predicted outcome categories. However, no differences came to light between various RDC schizo-affective groupings defined in this way with respect to total outcome mean scores. In contrast, however, a significant difference on this prognostic measure was found when RDC schizo-affective probands with any type of FRS were compared with those lacking FRS, the latter group having the lower or better outcome score.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283967

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The author stresses the importance of diagnosis in psychiatry and gives a short presentation of the Scandinavian concepts of reactive psychoses and schizophreni-form psychoses. On the basis of his own personal follow-up investigations on 301 consecutively admitted patients to the University Psychiatric Clinic in Oslo, followed up through 5–18 years, he concludes that the schizophreniform (schizo-affective) psychosis also in prognostic respects is a group in between. Of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of reactive psychosis, 81 % had a favourable course compared to 61 % of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of psychosis e genere incerto (Langfeldt’s schizophreniform psychoses) and only 23% of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of schizophre

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283968

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

According to our three series of examinations, we have found a way of differentiating between nuclear schizophrenics and manic-depressives in schizo-affective disorders. Only a very small amount of all people diagnosed as schizophrenics (about 3%) have to be put under the category of schizo-affective disorders (Legierungspsychose) sensu strictiori. But in this well-defined group, there is a relation between the symptomatology of the acute stage and the long-term course of the disorder. There is also a better indication for long-term therapy in schizo-affective disorders, because the differentiation in psychopathology also means a better-differentiated therapy with better long-term results.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283969

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interaction between schizophrenia and manic-depressive disease (MDI) has to be examined with respect to type, intensity and time points within the courses. Interactions are possible at the level of genetics, constitution, biological (e.g. biorhythmical) mechanisms, neurophysiological actions, biochemical complexes and psychopathological interferences including defense mechanisms of personality. The common denominator seems to be the energetic situation into the satellite-glia-neuron cooperation. Activity of G6PD and AK 2–1 could be a hint of a factor of bipolarity, existing independently from schizophrenia and MDI. Interactions of different psychoses should be designated as interference psychoses. Within this field, the term schizoaffective characterizes the interference between schizophrenia and MDI, mixed psychoses mean stages of rapidly alternating or stable combinations of symptoms within the MDI. ‘Legierungspsychosen’ should be reserved for interferences at the genetic

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283970

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The biological base of psychoses is controlled by multifactorial genotype compounds using sometimes the same gene locus or DNA information section for diverse diseases, but always in different and repeatable combinations. These compounds can be formed by special regulatory or junction genes. With the help of inherited serum markers of the haptoglobin and the Gc system including quantitative studies of the ceruloplasmin and transferrin serum level, the combinations of diverse biological factors have been presented especially for cycloid psychoses, unsystematic schizophrenias, and paranoid psychoses with late onset and a cyclic axis syndrome. Considering the specifications of genetic control and clinical course no indefinite mixtures in the sense of schizo-affective psychoses should be discussed furthermore.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283971

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied a sample of Ill Feighner manics divided into 42 ‘pure’ manics without any schizophrenic features, 41 manics with one such feature, and 28 with two or more such features. The three groups did not significantly differ on any major demographic, clinical, historical, treatment response, laboratory, or familial variable tested. We also applied the DSM-III schizophrenia and schizophreniform criteria to these Ill Feighner manics. Only 1 manic had an index episode longer than 6 months (a necessary criterion for schizophrenia), whereas 13 (12%) satisfied the schizophreniform criteria. We compared these 13 Feighner manics satisfying DSM-III schizophreniform criteria with the remaining 97 Feighner manics and could find no major demographic, clinical, or laboratory differences between the two groups. Although not statistically significant, the morbidity risk for affective disorder in the first-degree relatives of the 97 Feighner manics was three times the risk in the relatives of the Feighner manics who also satisfied the DSM-III schizophreniform criteria. The morbidity risk for alcoholism in these relatives was one-half that of first-degree relatives of the ‘schizophreniform’ manics. The two groups did not differ in total risk for alcoholism and affective d

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283972

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The perplexity psychiatry is faced with when approaching the problem of ‘schizo-affective disorders’ is the result of two characteristic features of human psychology: The first consists in the tendency to pick up quickly attractively formulated terms and to prefer them to others designating the same facts. The second psychological trend referred to concerns the use of a well-sounding term in a definition which deviates from the original one. The nosological implications of the existence of the ‘cases in between’ (K. Schneider), attributable neither to schizophrenia nor to cyclothymia, are briefly reviewed. It is suggested to speak of schizo-affective disorders only if the criteria for both disorders manifest simultaneously. Applying the Vienna Research Criteria we found that ‘schizo-affective’ disorders occur rarely as compared to other frequently used less restrictive diagnostic

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283973

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

269 patients with schizophrenia, schizo-affective or affective disorders admitted to a hospital in Zürich were examined by the AMP system and the syndrome checklist of Wing and co-workers. The data were analyzed using a special set-theoretical similarity measure for nonlinear graduations, multidimensional scaling to achieve a metric representation of the similarity matrices, and a cluster analysis, originally described by Meisel in 1972

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283974

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger