摘要:

Based on the phenomenological distinction of positive and negative symptoms, some authors discuss the existence of two subtypes of schizophrenia (positive vs. negative schizophrenia). Investigating the long-term course of 100 schizophrenic patients (on average 23 years after onset) it was found that only 24% of the patients had a stable monomorphous course (only once type of episode). The results of the presented longitudinal study do not support the assumption of ‘purely positive’or ‘purely negative’ schizophrenic disorders. The relevance of positive and negative onset of illness for the long-term course and outcome is discussed with reference to the lit

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284897

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recent psychopathological studies consistently identified a delusional, a negative, and a disorganized subsyndrome in chronic schizophrenia. The aim of our studies was to investigate the subsyndromes with respect to their underlying cerebral changes using computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET). In a CT study 50 DSM III schizophrenics were subgrouped according to four factors identified by a factor analysis of BPRS ratings. This procedure identified three chronic clusters (delusional ideation, negative symptoms, and disorganization) and one cluster with a remitting course of the disorder. Both the negative and the delusional subsyndrome were associated with a widening of the frontal interhemispheric fissure. Disorganization was associated with neurological soft signs, an increased ventricle brain ratio, and width of the 3rd ventricle. The same subgrouping was applied in a 18F-deoxyglucose PET study of 79 neuroleptic free DSM III schizophrenic patients and 47 healthy controls. The delusional subsyndrome was associated with a decreased hippocampal function, while the negative subsyndrome showed a prominent hypofrontality and left temporal cortex changes. Both the delusional and the negative subsyndrome were associated with a decreased activity in the medial frontal gyms in comparison to the other schizophrenic patients and the healthy controls. The disorganized subsyndrome was characterized by an overactivity in the parietal cortex and motor strip and a decreased activity in the corpus callosum. These findings support the differentiation of three subsyndromes in chronic schizophrenia. The subsyndromes seem to be characterized by deviant patterns of cerebral alterations, rather than deficits in a single location.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284898

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284957

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The association of negative symptoms on one hand and cognitive failures and language and thought disturbances on the other hand was examined in 25 schizophrenics and 22 neurotics over a 2-month period of intensive therapy. Psychopathological negative symptoms were more pronounced in schizophrenics than in neurotics at the first assessment before intensive therapy. However, cognitive and language performance showed no difference between the groups in both cross-sectional comparisons before and after treatment. Thus, our hypothesis that cognitive deficiencies are the core of negative symptoms could not be confirmed. It is discussed that young schizophrenics at an early stage of the illness may imply more affective components in the psychopathology of their negative syndrome than chronic schizophrenics with more pronounced cognitive deficits.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284899

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284958

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One hundred and eighty-seven patients suffering from DSM-III-R schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizophreniform (psychotic group), unipolar, bipolar and other disorders were interviewed 5 years after discharge. Deficiencies were assessed by means of the Schedule for Deficit Syndrome (SDS) and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Binocular thresholds for discomfort to high luminances (TDHL) were assessed in 17 patients with a deficit syndrome. Results suggest that patients with psychotic disorders are in a high-risk group for deficit syndrome. Nevertheless, 9–28% and 9–30% of the ‘nonpsychotic’ group according to the SANS and the SDS, respectively, showed primary enduring negative symptoms. A positive correlation between the SANS total score and TDHL (r = 0.81) was found. These results suggest the nonspecificity of primary enduring negative syndromes. Furthermore preliminary data indicate a possible link between light sensitivity and the deficit syndrome, independently of di

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284900

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284959

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284901

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284960

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284961

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger