摘要:

Eleven patients with primary obsessional neurosis were followed up after successful treatment. There was a significant association between reduction of interference of obsessions and anxiety. A stronger significant association was found between reduction of resistance to obsessions and irritability. These findings are discussed in the light of the current concepts of the phenomenology of obsessional neurosis.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284451

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Attentional impairment has been hypothesized to be associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The present study examined the relation between attentional performance and positive and negative symptoms in both schizophrenic and manic patients. The results showed that deficits on the distraction conditions of a digit-span task were greatest in positive-symptom schizophrenics. Regression analyses revealed that only certain positive symptoms were related to digit-span scores; specifically, ratings of positive-thought disorder were inversely associated with performance for both schizophrenics and manics. The findings are discussed in light of their implications for conceptualizing the symptom categories and their laboratory correlates.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284452

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male alcoholic subjects were asked to rate their own typical dysphoric mood states soon after admission for alcohol detoxification and again following 2 weeks of recovery from alcohol abuse. Self-ratings of typical dysphoric mood decreased following 2 weeks of recovery from alcohol abuse while self-ratings of typical impulsive behaviors remained unchanged. Within subjects, the magnitude of change in ratings of typical dysphoric mood during the first 2 weeks of recovery from alcohol abuse correlated highly with the level of typical dysphoric mood measured at the onset of alcohol treatment.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284453

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper reports on verbal content analysis measures (Gottschalk-Gleser method) of anxiety and hostility in duodenal ulcer, irritable bowel and generalized anxiety disorder patients, who were also administered the Eysenk Personality Inventory (EPI), and Beck and Zung depressiveness scales. Irritable bowel patients expressed significantly more death anxiety than the other groups in a 5-min free speech sample, while anxiety disorder patients scored highest on hostility directed inwards. In the whole sample, EPI neuroticism scores correlated with depressiveness scores and hostility measures appeared intercorrelated. Factor analyses with Varimax rotation revealed a similar clustering of variables. Results tend to suggest that irritable bowel patients are closer to anxiety disorder than to duodenal ulcer (‘psychosomatic’) patients in terms of intensity and patterning of affect expression.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284454

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Treating physicians estimated in 437 acute psychiatric inpatients whether the individual patients subjectively suffered severely from their condition or not. The judgement of the degree of suffering of the patient proved to be not only strongly influenced by the psychopathology of the patient and its relatedness to normal psychological phenomena, but also by the subjective factors of the rater including his interpersonal difficulties and/or prejudices.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284455

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hallucinations are a well-recognized phenomenon in a dissociative state. In reference to conversion states, sensations may be distorted or inhibited but overstimulation to the extent of hallucination has not yet been recognized. We wish to offer a hypothesis of conversion hallucinations based on two detailed case reports, with a possible mode of action and in combination with the cognitive and dissociative models.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284456

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Depressed moods do not arrive already hallmarked ‘endogenous’. Depressions do, however, arrive as perceivable phenomena and the domain of clinically important and conceptually connected items includes about 20 items. This domain can be subdivided into items relevant for the severity of the depression and items relevant for the diagnosis of depression. It has been argued that Rasch models rather than multivariate analysis are the adequate models when studying the internal consistency of rating scales. Applying the Rasch models, it was found that 10 items have an additive relationship for the severity of depression and that 5 items were additively related for endogenous depression, whereas five other items were additively related for reactive depression. Moreover, it was found that the dimension of severity should be transformed to three categories: no depression, minor depression and major depression. The two dimensions: endogenous and reactive depression, respectively, should be transformed to the categories: definite endogenous depression, combined endogenous and reactive depression, definite reactive depression, probable endogenous depression and probable reactive depression. These categories for severity and for the diagnosis of depression have a high internal consistency. However, we still need studies to verify the external validity of these concepts.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284457

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Although many nosologists advocate the autonomy of borderline personality disorder (BPD), its heterogeneity led to demands that it be absorbed into the affective disorder spectrum. This study attempted to determine if (a) BPD and affective disorders overlapped and (b) if BPD characteristics were differentially associated with specific Axis I, DSM-III diagnoses. Forty-three BPD inpatients were rated retrospectively on 29 variables, including BPD characteristics from Gunderson’s diagnostic interview for borderlines (DIB). χ2 analyses were performed for each of 28 variables in 56 contingency tables whose independent variables were dysthymia/other Axis I diagnoses or depression/no depression. BPD inpatients with dysthymia had more impaired occupational functioning and greater use of splitting. Also, depressed BPDs were in general more dependent, empty and bored, and suicidal.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284458

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sixty schizophrenics and 40 depressives in remission from the floridly psychotic phase were given a semi-structured interview concerning their abnormal perceptual experiences at the onset of their illness. About 50% of each set of subjects had experienced an alteration in the quality of their perception. However, there was a fairly characteristic pattern in each case: emotional tainting of the world around, a sense of unreality and noise sensitivity in depression; and an indefinable, qualitative change in visual perception, particularly affecting the way colours, people, space and facial expression were viewed, in schizophrenia. Of the various theories which have been put forward to explain perceptual change in schizophrenia, a breakdown in gestalt appeared to explain these findings best.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284459

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284460

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger