摘要:

It is widely accepted that depressives focus on negative memories, and forget or repress positive memories (showing a mood-congruent affective tendency). Normals have an opposite positive bias in memory (‘Pollyanna tendency’). Research evidence for depressives’ negative bias in memory comes mainly from studies of retrieval of personal experiences during depression, or from studies of such retrieval during induced mood. In the present study, the hypothesis that depressives encode and remember negative emotion materials better than other materials was tested. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results showed that severely depressed patients remembered more positive affect than negative affect words, after a 2-day delay. Depressives’ overall memory performance and rate of forgetting were poor, similar to schizophrenics’, and worse than normals’. The results suggest that, while memory performance during a depressive episode is poor, the memory consolidation process for affective information is normal. Unlike in schizophrenia, it does not select negative emotion materials. This conclusion is not incongruent with the finding that depressives show mood-congruent retrieval for previously learnt personal (experiential) information. The consolidation of non-personal (nonexperiential) positive affect materials during depression may provide a clue as to the mechanism of recovery in depression, and the lack of such recovery in sc

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284974

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this study is to examine differences between eating disorder subgroups, including obese patients, in a large Italian sample seen at a specialist clinic. All patients (n = 263) who consecutively contacted the University Eating Disorder Outpatient Clinic of Padua were divided into subgroups according to the literature. Different subgroups were compared according to clinical features, SCL-90, EAT and TFEQ scores. The study confirms the importance of purging, which is associated with more severe psychiatric symptoms than bingeing; a direct correlation between severity of psychiatric symptoms and duration of eating disorder was found. Among obese patients the bingers are distinguished from the nonbingers by a higher degree of eating and psychological distress and a greater number of dieting attempts.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284975

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Researchers have used a variety of approaches to assess schizophrenic disorders across cultures. Of the possible ways of studying cultural variations, the one most typically employed involves the accumulation of data in geographically isolated settings and indigenous situations. Another method is through comparative studies of people of various backgrounds living in the same social and geographical environment. This opportunity is provided by immigrants of diverse origins living in the same community. Ninety schizophrenic patients (according to DSM-III-R criteria) participated in this study, aged between 18 and 35 years. Three groups were constituted. The first population consisted of second-generation North Africans living and raised in France, the second of native French patients, and the third population consisted of schizophrenic patients living and being raised in North Africa (Algeria), their native country. This study showed that, for the symptoms evaluated, schizophrenic patients from Maghreb have few clinical differences from patients of French origin. Thus, cultural origins do not seem to be of major influence. These results are in concordance with those of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia based on a larger international population.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284976

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a 3-month epidemiologic survey at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, a total of 372 patients between 18 and 60 years of age were screened with a variety of clinical psychiatric tests. Of the entire group, a subgroup of 180 patients was placed into one of four index groups: schizophrenics with first-rank symptoms and with (n = 47) or without (n = 52) concomitant past or acute use of psychotropic substances; alcoholics (n = 63), and patients with alcoholic psychosis (n = 18). In almost all areas examined, the group of schizophrenics with substance abuse was revealed to be a severely disturbed subgroup of schizophrenics with a long history of disease. Particularly with respect to psychopathology, there was an increase in depressive and suicidal tendencies.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284977

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The study reports the preliminary data from a small 12-patient sample assessed at the time of their first psychotic episode and diagnosed as having a schizophreniform disorder. After a 1-year follow-up period all the patients were newly evaluated on clinical and global functioning variables, using clinical diagnosis as an outcome measure. A diagnostic stability in the schizophrenic spectrum was found.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284978

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

‘Antieidos’ is a formlessness that results from the reverse intentionality of the life formation and is considered to be a principle of obsessive psychosis. ‘Internal emptiness’ is supposed to exist in the nucleus of schizophrenia. ‘Antieidos’ and ‘internal emptiness’ are in close proximity, partly overlapping each other. Obsessive psychosis and some types of simple schizophrenia are considered to have a common intentionality for the obsessive-compulsive phenomenon from the viewpoint of defensive structural dynamics. The obsessive-compulsive phenomenon and the hypochondriacal phenomenon that coexist in simple schizophrenia are considered to be a ‘noema’ (something in which a meaning is given to the intended experience) that results from ‘noesis (action of consciousness seen in the intended experience) which has a defensive intentionality and as a result masks the basic disturbance in schizophrenia. Complementarity between the obsessive-compulsive phenomenon and the hypochondriacal phenomenon structured in this way can form one type of disease in the nonself-introspective category of simple schizophrenia.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284979

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The case of a patient presenting with a depressive-suicidal syndrome and dysmorphophobia, which also showed a delusional character, is discussed concerning the differential-diagnostic difficulties. The nosology of the disorder is discussed especially regarding the variants in the new classification systems.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284980

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Prodromal symptoms were investigated in 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The large majority of patients (93%) reported at least one prodromal symptom before disease onset. Generalized anxiety, irritability, indecision, phobic and somatic anxiety occurred in about half of patients. Also common were depressive symptoms such as fatigue, lowered self-esteem, depressed mood, pessimism, impaired work, and guilt. The results suggest a close association of obsessions and compulsions with affective symptoms.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284981

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Very few cases exist in the literature of maternal obsessional thoughts of child sexual abuse. Two such cases are described of mothers who experienced obsessional thoughts in the puerperium which concerned sexually abusing their own children. Obsessional thoughts of a sexual nature have been shown to occur commonly – in over 25% of those diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive neuroses. These obsessional thoughts concern actions which are usually identified as going against the sufferer’s own value systems or involving sexual perversions. Obsessional thoughts of sexually abusing family members are rarely documented; there are no reports of obsessional thoughts experienced by a mother in the puerperium concerning sexual abuse of her own children. We report two cases of mothers suffering from obsessions of this nature at The Mother and Baby Unit (MBU), Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284982

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A French version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 Items (TAS-20) was factor-analyzed on a sample of 263 university students and its factor solution analyzed along with the studies using the Canadian version. Our results show a two-factor solution where the items rating the difficulty to identify feelings and the items rating the difficulty to describe feelings constitute a sole factor contrary to the Canadian version. These data are reviewed in the context of previous research and offer two subscales for future investigations utilizing the TAS-20.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284983

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger