摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between compliance with a behavior therapy program and personality characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) outpatients (n = 169), as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Compliance was defined as the number of scheduled behavior therapy sessions canceled or missed by patients. Standard multiple regression analysis revealed that higher scores on scales 8 (Schizophrenia), 2 (Depression), and 0 (Social Introversion) contributed significantly to the prediction of compliance among OCD patients engaged in behavior therapy.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284793

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A prospective, controlled study of 50 subjects confirmed claims that major depression or mania may cause temporary disorders of attention, memory, visuo-spatial function, and choice reaction time, and cause – independently of medication – the appearance of glabellar tap, positive hand-face test, nuchocephalic reflex, and graphesthesia. On follow-up, all these phenomena either disappeared or markedly improved. Age and age of onset, but not pre-morbid intelligence or history of ECT, seemed to modulate the severity of the cognitive impairment. Presence of delusions predicted poor (but reversible) visuo-spatial function. Cognitive impairment accompanied by reversible soft neurological signs was more marked but patients thus affected surprisingly showed lower depressive scores; this was interpreted as representing a secondary, ‘organic’ form of affective disorder (i.e. a behavioural phenocopy of depression) characterised by a reduced capacity to experience depressive symptoms and by little improvement at fo

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284794

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Eleven schizophrenic psychotic and 11 manic psychotic patients have been compared with each other and with a reference group of 34 dentists with respect to their emotional experience of seven complex nonverbal sounds. A rating form was used which measures three factors of emotional perception: tension – relaxation (factor I), gaiety – gloom (factor II), and attraction – repulsion (factor III). Analyses of variance of the factor scores revealed main tendencies between the psychopathological groups in factor I and III, i.e. schizophrenic psychotics rated the sounds generally as more tense and more attractive than manic psychotics. The manic psychotics rated the sounds as generally less tense and very much more attractive than the other groups. In factor II the manic psychotics rated one piece as significantly more gay than the other groups. It is discussed in what ways these differences of complex sound perception may be related to characteristic symptoms of the psychopathological states. No convincing evidence may be drawn from this study supporting the assumption that the two psychopathological groups might differ in a specific way in relation to any elementary structural property of the s

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284795

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Anxiety associated with kidney transplantation was examined in a sample of 16 recipients. The incidence of anxiety amounted to 68.8% (11/16 cases) and 81.3% (13/16 cases) within the pre- and postoperation periods, respectively. One case indicated severe anxiety and finally developed dysthymic disorder after transplantation. Another case showed alexithymic features, which were associated with poor self-control, and strong defense mechanisms such as denial before transplantation. Although it is important for liaison psychiatrists to cure psychiatric disturbances such as depression, psychological care for alexithymic features may be required for organ transplantations to proceed smoothly. Consequently, it is necessary to reconsider psychodynamic aspects, especially anxiety concerning organ transplantations.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284796

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Publications about Turner’s syndrome and anorexia nervosa are extremely rare. All of them, including a new case, are listed up and discussed under psychodynamic aspects. The conclusions drawn from these 21 cases might be essential for genetic counseling, hormonal treatment and psychotherapy in Turner’s syndrome. (1) There is a connection between the beginning of the hormonal treatment and the onset of anorexia nervosa in Turner’s syndrome. The anxiety during hormonal treatment is due to sexual feelings and the confrontation with the gender role. As the manifestation of anorexia nervosa ought to be taken into account the beginning of a hormonal treatment should be decided in individual context. (2) The early childhood of girls with Turner’s syndrome is striking with respect to psychosocial constellations. Short stature and other deficits mean narcissistic wounds. Therefore understanding and affectionate parents are most important to them as they particularly suffer from conflicts with the

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284797

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Although catatonic features can be seen in various psychiatric and organic disorders, some patients with catatonia cannot be fitted into existing classification systems. In the current study various sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared between patients who presented with catatonia only (idiopathic catatonia), or with catatonia as a symptom of an identifiable underlying functional disorder. Patients seen over one year (1988) were classified into idiopathic catatonia (n = 30) and according to diagnosis (n = 35; schizophrenia n = 19, depression n = 16). There was an excess of females in the idiopathic group and the illness was of a shorter duration. There were no other differences between the groups. All subjects showed good response to ECTs and required almost the same mean number of ECTs. No clusters were observed using the average method. The current study suggests that catatonic symptoms can occur in the absence of any other identifiable psychiatric syndrome, although they cannot be otherwise differentiated from other psychiatric syndromes in which catatonia can present.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284798

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present report studies the differences between schizophrenic responders and nonresponders within the different symptomatologic groups of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). The relationship between the different electrodermal activity parameters and the scores on the scales was also analyzed. The results showed that nonresponders had negative symptoms. In addition negative symptoms registered a general fall in all electrodermal-activity parameters.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284799

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger