摘要:

Fifteen male schizophrenic patients between the ages of 18 and 40 were compared with 15 matched control subjects on their performance on the Facial Affect Recognition Task and on the O’Brien-Epstein Sources of Self-Esteem Inventory. As has been previously reported, schizophrenic subjects score significantly lower than normals in the recognition of emotion in the human face, particularly on the ‘negative’ emotions of anger, fear and disgust. Significant differences were found between groups on self-esteem domains of ‘competence’ and ‘personal power’, with normal subjects scoring higher. However, on the self-esteem scale of ‘defensive self-enhancement’, schizophrenic patients scored higher than the control group. Thus, the schizophrenic patients do not have uniformly lower self-esteem than normals but, rather, specific domains of self-esteem are affected. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between affect recognition and defensive self-enhancement. The clinical-theoretical implications of working with schizophrenia are discussed in the light of these findings.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284505

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In rating negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms showed less overlap with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression than the withdrawal-retardation subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The distinction between depression and negative symptoms is best made by a careful evaluation of the patients’ mood and thoughts.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284506

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diurnal variation of the symptomatology of endogenous depression (melancholy) was examined by means of 4 scales on 5 consecutive days in 24 untreated patients and in 63 patients under antidepressant drugs and after sleep deprivation. Results: the group means exhibit a sinus-type daily curve with morning low (but not significant). This so-called typical diurnal variation is more often found than other definable diurnal variations. The frequency cannot, however, be specified with one figure, because the quota varies, according to the criteria used, between 36.1 and 4.2%. The so-called typcial diurnal variation is thus irregular, and intraindividually it also proved to be unstable. It is not specific for endogenous depressions. There is evidence of frequent shorter (ultradian) variations of depression symptomatology that are, however, difficult to record. Pharmacological therapy has little influence on the depressive diurnal variation. Sleep deprivation can revert the inverse diurnal variation and provoke a typical diurnal variation. After methodological deliberations the diagnostic and therapeutic implications are discussed.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284507

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The study presents data on 280 Saudi Arabian University students regarding their perception and concern about social-cultural changes in their society, and comparison of their scores on these variables with their responses on some psychopathology measures. All students were administered an interview schedule evaluating perception and concern (upset – not upset) about sociocultural changes, the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List, the Depression Symptomatology Scale, and a Symptom Inventory. Our results showed that: (1) Substantial numbers were aware of the social and cultural transformations in Saudi Arabia. However, Saudis were, on the whole, less upset about adverse social processes than comparative American samples; (2) depressive and other psychopathology symptoms were reported frequently, and (3) subjects who showed higher levels of concern about sociocultural changes obtained the lowest depression scores, indicating that those who were not upset by social transformation were generally not depressed. The relationship between psychopathology and perception of social nuances was discussed in light of the view that less depressed people are more capable of handling stresses related to personal processing of social variables.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284508

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A nonlinear mathematical model for computerized description of mood curves is presented. This model reaches a high goodness of fit to the real data. It seems superior to two other models recently proposed. Using this model in a computer program for describing the mood data of a large sample of inpatients, significant and clinically meaningful group differences between the mood curves of schizophrenic, endogenous-depressive, and neurotic-depressive inpatients could be demonstrated. The application of the methodology might be helpful, e.g. in the field of evaluative research.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284509

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Color preferences of 61 patients with major depressive disorder were compared to 69 controls. A multidimensional scaling analysis revealed a difference in overall color arrangements between groups. The possible significance of this is discussed.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284510

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

From a large series of patients with delusional psychoses, first-time admitted to the Psychiatric Department, University of Oslo, hypochondriacal delusions were coded as the main delusion in 15 patients (0.4% of all admissions). These patients have been personally followed up by one of the authors (N.R.) after 5–18 years, and by the other author (S.O.) after 23–39 years (mean 30 years). The results are presented, also according to the newer diagnostic systems (DSM-III, DSM-III-R), and the course and outcome of hypochondriacal delusions are compared with those of other types of delusions. Course and outcome are mainly dependent on the diagnostic category, not the type of delusion. It is also demonstrated that the course and outcome in major affective disorders are more favourable than in paranoid disorders, with the latter being significantly different from schizophrenia.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284511

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The medical histories of 30 paranoid schizophrenics were compared to those of 60 patients with nonparanoid schizophrenia. History of perinatal distress was more common in patients with chronic nonparanoid schizophrenia (p < 0.005). A significant trend was noted for perinatal distress to be more common among cases with no family history of psychiatric illness (p < 0.05). It is suggested that perinatal distress may be an organic risk factor for chronic nonparanoid schizophrenia and that this risk is independent of the genetic risk for this disease.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284512

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A sample of 110 consecutive first admission young schizophrenic patients treated between 1964 and 1967 was rediagnosed in 1981. Among 92 survivors, 27 could be labelled as paraphrenics. From information available at inception 97 variables were coded covering such areas as personality, previous disturbances, age and type of onset, and symptoms around admission. Sixty-three out of 97 variables were hypothesized to differentiate, at admission, future paraphrenics from the rest of the sample. Paraphrenics were found to have had less contact disturbance, better self-esteem, less neurotic symptoms in adolescence and childhood, and less complaints of unhappiness when growing up. They had more regressive and paranoid symptoms at admission, were older at onset of the disease, which was more acute, more often connected with precipitating events, and confusion. Certain non-regressive symptoms such as brooding, anhedonia and concentration difficulties were less common. A discriminant analysis yielded a proportion of correct predictions = 0.64 (p < 0.05). The results are in accordance with the theory of more favourable energetic and organizational capacity in paranoid schizophrenics as compared with non-paranoids.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284513

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

53 boys with aggressive conduct disorder (ACD) and 36 with other psychiatric disorders were followed up after 2 years. Twenty-nine of the former (55%) still met the criteria for ACD; 24 did not. Persistence of the conduct disorder was predicted by the symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention. The data suggest that there are two types of ACD: one short-lived and quite benign, the other more likely to persist and more serious.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284514

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger